| Lead pollution is widespread and deep in our China.With the development of society,heavy metal lead is becoming more and more serious,which is a serious threat to the production and life quality of human beings.Lymantira dispar,belonging to the order Lepidoptera,is a widely distributed and omnivorous forest leaf pest.In the environment of heavy metal pollution,different species and different parts of trees will enrich heavy metals to different degrees,which will affect the corresponding organisms in the food chain.In this case,how will the growth and detoxification physiology of the moths respond?And,reports of gypsy moth in different environments(temperature,humidity,Intensity of illumination),their occurrence trend are different.There is no systematic reports yet.In this study,under the conditions of different temperature,light intensity,humidity,and under different lead stress,the Gypsy Moth were reared in an artificial feeding room to observe their development duration,rate of pupation,rate of emergence,and others,revealing that different environmental factors are responsible for the moth.The effects of the activities of detoxification enzymes(CarE,GSTs)in the growth and development of venom moths.In order to provide evidence for the detection of the occurrence trend of Gypsy moth under different environmental conditions.These results showed that:1?Effects of different temperature on the growth and development of gypsy moth.A total of 6 temperature treatment groups were set up at 20?,23?,26?,29?,32? and 35?.There were 5 clusters of eggs in each reprtitions,and each groups had there repetitions.The temperature had influence in the growth and development of Lymantria dispar.The hatching rate of gypsy moth eggs could reach more than 88%at 23-32 ?,which were 88.9%,92.08%,96.07%and 96.07%,respectively;and the hatching rate was only 38.9%and 72.7%at the temperature of 20 and 35 ?.The survival rate of larvae was higher at 26? and 29?,and which were 91.09%and 91.68%,respectively.There was a significant difference from other temperature group(P<0.05).The survival rate of larvae was lower at 20?and 35?,which were 50.88%and 49.76%,respectively.There was a significant difference from other temperature groups(P<0.05).The gypsy moth pupation rate at 26 ? and 29?was higher,92.08%and 96.07%,respectively.And under the conditions of lower pupation rates was 38.9%and 72.74%.Gypsy moth eclosion rate at 26? and 29? was higher,which were 91.92%and 91.97%,respectively;and it was lower at 20? and 35?,which were 51.66%and 55.31%,respectively.The gypsy moth fecundity in 26? and 29? pupation rate was higher,which were 1080.5 eggs/moth,and 1119.5 eggs/moth,,respectively;in the 20? and 35?groups the pupation rate were lower,which were 165.16 eggs/moth,and 363.06 eggs/moth,respectively.In 26? and 29? two groups,the survival rate,pupation rate and eclosion rate were higher,but the difference between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference with other treatment groups(P<0.05).There was a significant difference between the temperature groups of the hatchability and the amount of spawning(P<0.05),and,as the temperature rises,it increases.The highest hatchability and oviposition value were at 29?.The optimum temperature of 26? and 29?for gypsy moth survival,and pupation and eclosion;hatching and spawning are influenced by temperature,and the optimum temperature is 29 ?.2?Effects of different light intensities on the growth and development of gypsy moth.A total of 3 light intensity treatment groups were set to 100%,50%,25%,respectively.There were 5 clusters of eggs in each reprtitions,and each groups had there repetitions.The eggs'hatching rate of 100%in the treated group was 89.95%,and it was significantly higher than the other two groups.In the 100%light intensity treated group,the survival rate of larvae was highest.The survival rate of larvae was highest at 100%light intensity group,which was 89.55%,different from other temperature groups significantly(P<0.05).The survival rate of larvae at 50%and 25%was 79.32%and 76.78%,respectively.The pupation rate in the 100%light intensity treatment group pupation rate reached 86.03%,and in 50%and 25%light intensities treatment group pupation rate was only 66.49%and 66.25%.The eclosion rate of the 100%light intensity treatment group reached 90.33%,and in 50%and 25%light intensities treatment groups eclosion rate was only 81.48%and 82.44%.The oviposition quantities in 100%,50%and 25%light intensities treatment groups were 1014 eggs/moth,1001.33 eggs/moth and 1078 eggs/moth,respectively,and the differences of oviposition quantities among three groups were not significant.The 100%of light intensity treatment group hatching rate,survival rate,pupation rate and eclosion rate were all higher than others,and there was a significantly different from others(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 50%and the 25%two groups(P>0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the amount of spawning between each light intensity treatment groups(P>0.05).The results showed that light intensity could effect gypsy moth hatching,survival,pupation and eclosion more than fecundity.3?Effects of different humidity on the growth and development of gypsy moth.A total of 6 treatment groups were set to 40%,50%,60%,70%,80%and 90%.There were 5 clusters of eggs in each reprtitions,and each groups had there repetitions.Humidity was set between 60%-90%,the hatching rate of eggs reached more than 90%,between 60%-80%of humidity,which were 92.85%,92.16%,92.82%and 90.74%,respectively;and the humidity was between 40%-50%,and the hatching rate was 45.91%and 80.6%,respectively.The survival rate of larvae was higher at 70%,80%and 90%groups,which were 92.56%,92.56%and 90.47,respectively.And there was a significant difference from other temperature groups(P<0.05).The survival rate of larvae was 85.89%and 89.16%,respectively.The lowest survival rate was in 40%group,which was as low as 67.64%.Humidity group of gypsy moth pupation rate was higher in 60%-90%treatment,which were 88.88%,92.6%,92.39%,93.16%and 91.15%,respectively;in 40%and 50%treatment groups,lower pupation rate was lower,which were 75.61%and 76.95%,respectively.The gypsy moth eclosion rate was higher between 60%-90%.eclosion rate reached more than 90%,which were 91.21%,92.37%,93.16%and 91.15%,respectively;lower eclosion rate between 40%and 50%was 66.22%and 69.99%,respectively.Under the condition of 70%-90%humidity,the fecundity of gypsy moth were higher,and the fecundity were above 1000,which were 1040 eggs/moth,1053.66 eggs/moth,1258.3 eggs/moth,respectively.When the humidity was 40%,the amount of spawning was the lowest,which was 437.33 eggs/moth.In 70%,80%,and 90%humidity groups,hatching rate,survival rate,pupation rate and eclosion rate were all significantly higher than those in lower humidity group(P<0.05).The amount of spawning increased with the increase of humidity,and the differences among the data of each group were all significant(P<0.05).High humidity benefits gypsy moth development,hatching and pupation,eclosion and laying.4?The growth and detoxification of gypsy moth in different Pb contentThere were 3 different contents of lead were added into the artificial feed of gypsy moth,the lead content were 33mg/kg,43mg/kg and 48mg/kg,respectively.And the labels of each group were Pblow,Pbmedium and Pbhigh,the control group was CK,without Pb.There were 3 repetitions in each group,with 500 larvaes in each repetition.The temperature was(25+1)?.the relative humidity was(70 + 1)%,and the photoperiod was(16L:8D).Record the related data of larves development process,in order to study the effects of lead on growth and development of Lymantria dispar and detoxifying enzyme1)Effects of Pb stress on growth and development of gypsy moth.In the Pblow,Pbmedium and Pbhigh treatment groups,the development period of the larvae were 137%,189%and 255%times of the control group.The development period of pupae were 110%,172%and 203%times of the control group.The longevity of adults were 70.79%,43.87%and 39.06%times of the control group;Pblow,Pbmedium and Pbhigh groups of gypsy moth mortalities were 216%,309%and 344%times of the control group;pupal mortality were 126%,514%and 617%times of the control group;adult mortality were 111%,278%the and 284%times of the control group;the treated groups of gypsy moth pupation rate were 75.86%,50.78%and 46.81%times of the control group;the treated groups of the emergence rate were 77.89%,50.3%and 48.17%times of the control group;the sex ratio were 120%,142%and 148%times of the control group.The gypsy moth larvae,pupae,mortality and sex ratio increased with the lead content increased,and pupation rate,emergence rate,adult longevity were reduced.The longevity of larvae,the mortality of larvae and the emergence rate of pupae in each group were significant(P<0.05).But there was no significant difference in pupal development duration,pupae and adult life span between Plow and control group(P>0.05),Pbmedium and Pbhigh were significantly lower than those in control group and Pblow(P<0.05).The pupation rate and eclosion rate were all significant different from CK.The results indicated that the heavy metal Pb could have a significant impact on the growth and development of Lymantria dispar2)Detoxification response of gypsy moth.Gypsy moth detoxifying enzyme activities under Pb stress had undergone changes.The study on CarE activity of gypsy moth showed that Pblow,Pbmedium and Pbhigh treatment groups were 127%,87.87%,81.81%times of the 3rd instar larvae in the control group;and 123%,90.32%,83.87%times of 4th instar larvae in the control group.Study on GSTs activity of gypsy moth showed that Pblow,Pbmedium and Pbhigh groups GSTs activities were 127%,90.9%,84.8%times of 3rd instar larvae in the control group and 110%,90.32%,90%times of 4th instar larvae in the control group.The differences of CarE and GSTs activities in the control group and the treatment group were all significant in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae(P<0.05).The result showed that the activities of detoxifying enzymes CarE and GSTs in gypsy moth larvae were enhanced under low concentration of Pb stress,and the detoxification of Pb was absorbed.Under high Pb stress,the activities of CarE and GSTs decreased,and the detoxification ability was inhibited. |
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