The Effects Of Formulated Fertilization On The Growth And Development And The Quality Of Polygonum Multiflorum

The wild resources of Polygonum multiflorum have been decreasing in recent years,and the artificial cultivation is still lack of scientific guidance.The fertilization experiment was carried out in Dingjiaying Town of Shiyan City,Hubei Province under the guidance of“3414”imcomplete fertilization design.The partial growth indexes,physiological indicators,the content of active ingredients,yield per plant,the accumulation trend of active ingredients and the chemical fingerprint of P.multiflorum were studied in order to determine the effect of formulated fertilization on the growth and development and the quality of of P.multiflorum,and offer some evidences for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of P.multiflorum in Shiyan City.The main results are as follows:1.The main stem of P.multiflorum grew faster before September every year and after that P.multiflorum got into the expansion period of root tuber,the growth of aboveground parts slowed down but the accumulation of underground dry matter increased rapidly.Compared with N₀P₀K₀ treatment（CK）,the diameter of main stem and the accumulation of underground dry matter were significantly higher under fertilization treatments,and the effect of N₃P₂K₂ treatment on promoting the growth of main stem was the most significant,but N₂P₂K₂ treatment showed the most significant effect on promoting the accumulation of underground dry matter.The result indicated that the reasonable proportion of nitrogen and potassium could promote the growth and high yield of P.multiflorum.2.Compared with that of N₀P₀K₀ treatment,the content of total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus and soluble total sugar were significantly higher under the fertilization treatments,all tested indexes reached the maximum under the treatment of N₂or N₃ and K₂ or K₃ level.The result showed that the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer from the medium to high level were most beneficial for P.multiflorum plant to absorb and accumulate nutrients.3.The order of the content of stilbene glycoside（THSG）in different parts of P.multiflorum was as follows:unexpanded root>root tuber>stem>leaf.The content of THSG in root of P.multiflorum increased continuously in the first and second year’s growth period,but changed slightly in third year;the content of THSG in stem increased rapidly before September but declined slightly during the rapid expansion period of root tuber each year;the content of THSG in leaf was very low.All fertilization treatments significantly increased the contents of THSG in all parts of P.multiflorum and the maximum contents of THSG in each parts were found under N₁P₂K₂ treatment.The results indicated that the low level nitrogen combined with the medium level potassium fertilizer were the most beneficial for the accumulation of THSG in P.multiflorum plant.The order of the contents of anthraquinone in different parts of P.multiflorum was as follows:unexpanded root>root tuber>stem>leaf.The contents of binding emodin,binding anthraquinone and total anthraquinone in root of P.multiflorum increased continuously during the first two years’growth period and reduced significantly in the third year;but the contents of binding rheochrysidin and free anthraquinone during the three years changed a little.The contents of binding emodin,binding anthraquinone and total anthraquinone in its stem increased rapidly before September and exhibited a certain degree of decline in rapid expansion period of root tuber each year;the content of anthraquinone in leaf was very low.All fertilization treatments significantly increased the content of anthraquinone in P.multiflorum plant,the contents of emodin and rheochrysidin reached the maximum under N₃ and K₃ level respectively.These results suggested that the high level nitrogen and potassium fertilizer were respectively beneficial to the accumulation of emodin and rheochrysidin in P.multiflorum plant.4.The yield per plant（dry weight of roots）of P.multiflorum grown for two years reached the maximum value of 302.53g under N₂P₂K₂ treatment,which increased by142.90%compared with that of N₀P₀K₀ treatment,it suggested that medium level nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was most conducive to the economical yield of P.multiflorum.The annual increase of yield per plant of P.multiflorum during the third year was much slow compared with that in the second year’s growth,meanwhile the content of active ingredients had no any increase.The results demonstrated that the optimal harvest season for the artificial cultivation of P.multiflorum in Shiyan City was in winner in the second year after transplanted.5.The results of chemical fingerprints showed that the ingredients in root tuber of P.multiflorum had basically no difference but their contents presented a big change under the different fertilization treatments,and the overall similarity was high;the same characteristics were found in the unexpanded roots.The comparative results of chemical fingerprints based on the root tuber and unexpanded root together demonstrated that the same ingredients were found in both of the root tuber and unexpanded root,but the content of compounds in the unexpanded root was generally higher than that in the root tuber.The results of this study suggested that the most suitable fertilization for the cultivation of P.multiflorum in Shiyan was the application of nitrogen 153.85kg/ha,available P 112.5kg/ha and available K 95.36kg/ha each year based on the yield and quality of P.multiflorum,and the optimal harvest season for the medicinal parts was in winner in the second year after transplantation.In addition,we found that the unexpanded root not only had almost the same ingredients but also contained higher content of ingredients compared with that in the root tuber,therefore the unexpanded root of P.multiflorum possess the value in further development.