Effects Of Coconut Oil Powder And Palm Oil Powder On Growth Performance And Gastrointestinal Development Of Preweaning Calves

This paper studies the effects of coconut oil powder or palm oil powder in milk replace on growth performance and gastrointestinal development of preweaning calves,aims to provide scientific theory basis for nursing calves breeding.The growth performance and nutrient metabolism of calf were measured by feeding experiment and digestive and metabolic experiments.The slaughter performance and gastrointestinal development and the structure of gastrointestinal tissue were measured by slaughter experiment.The rumen microflora was measured by high-throughput sequencing.The details are as follow:Experiment one: effects of coconut oil powder and palm oil powder on the growth performance and slaughter performance of preweaning calves.The trail aimed to investigate the effects of butterfat replaced by coconut oil powder or palm oil powder in milk replacer on growth performance,immunce system and slaughter performance.Sixty newborn Holstein calves were assigned to one of five dietary treatments with a randomized block designed as follows: 1)butterfat as sole fat sources in milk replacer(W100);2)50% butterfat was replaced by coconut oil powder(C50);3)100% butterfat was replaced by coconut oil powder(C100);4)50% butterfat was replaced by palm oil powder(P50);5)100% butterfat was replaced by palm oil powder(P100).The trial lasted 56 days,the pre-trial period is 14 days and the official trial period is 42 days.The results:1)Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in weight,ADG,dry matter intake and feed conversion rate in the test group of coconut oil and the palm oil(P>0.05).2)the effect of adding coconut oil and palm oil on fecal score and abnormal fecal day was not significantly different from that of the control group(P>0.05).3)there was no significant difference between the wither height,heart girth,body length,hip width and the change of its of each treatment group(P>0.05).4)the serum glucose concentration in the P100 group was significantly lower than that in other treatment groups(P<0.05),and other serum indexes were not significant(P>0.05).5)there was no significant difference in live weight,empty body weight,carcass weight and dressing percentage between treatment groups(P>0.05).This shows: the use of coconut oil or palm oil to replace butterfat in milk replacer on growth performance,serum immunity and antioxidant index,slaughter performance in preweaning calf was no significant,indicating that the use of coconut oil powder or palm oil powder in milk replacer instead of butterfat has no adverse effects on preweaning calf growth performance and immune function.Experiment two: effects of coconut oil and palm oil powder on nutrient digestion and metabolism and serum lipid metabolism of preweaning calves.The trail aimed to investigate the effects of butterfat replaced by coconut oil powder or palm oil powder in milk replacer on nutrient digestion and metabolism and serum lipid metabolism of preweaning calves.The trail dasign and content same as experiment one.The digestion and metabolism test was carried out by using full fecal urine method,and serum biochemical indexes were determined at 56 d.The results: Compared to other treatment groups,1)the apparent digestibility of P100 group of ether extract tends to reduce(P=0.063),and the apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and organic matter between treanment groups were not significant(P>0.05).2)the rate of digestible energy to gross energy(DE/GE)of the P100 group had a tendency to decrease(P=0.067),and fecal energy had a tendency to increase(P=0.084).3)the total cholesterol concentration of serum had a tendency to decrease(P=0.093).This shows: the effects of coconut oil powder or palm oil powder to replace butterfat in milk replacer on nutrients metabolism,energy utilization and serum lipid metabolism in preweaning calves had no significant difference.The apparent digestibility of ether extract,the use ratio of gross energy digestibility,and surem total cholesterol concentration tend to decrease in whole palm oil powder group,which has high content of palmitic acid and oleic acid.Experiment three: efffets of coconut oil and palm oil powder on gastrointestinal development,rumen fermentation and rumen microorganism in preweaning calvesThe trail aimed to investigate the effects of butterfat replaced by coconut oil or palm oil powder in milk replacer on gastrointestinal development,rumen fermentation and rumen microorganism of preweaning calves.The trail dasign and content same as experiment one.The six healthy calves were selected for slaughter in each group,and samples of gastrointestinal tissue,tumor gastric juice,rumen and abomasum chyme were collected to determine gastrointestinal tissue morphological structure,rumen fermentation,rumen and abomasum chyme enzyme activity and rumen microflora.The results:1)the jejunum weight of P100 group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the tatio of jejunum weight to live weight of P100 group tend to decrease than C50 group(P=0.064).2)compared with C50 group,there was a tendency to decrease the thickness of tunica mucosa of abomasum in the C100 group and the P100 group(P=0.073).3)There was no significant difference between the relative abundance of rumen bacteria at the phym level and the family level(P>0.05),the dominant bacteria in the rumen of 0 to 60 days calves were Bacteroidetes(48.41%),Firmicutes(35.54%),Proteobacteria(11.80%),Actinobacteria(1.83%).This shows: the use of coconut oil powder or palm oil powder to replace butterfat in milk replace has no adverse effects on gastrointestinal development,rumen fermentation and rumen microflora of preweaning calves,but the whole palm oil powder group,which has high content of palmitic acid and oleic acid,slowed down the gastrointestinal development of preweaning calves.In conclusion,the replacement of butterfat by coconut oil powder and palm oil powder in milk replacer had little effect on the growth performance and gastrointestinal development of preweaning calves.The datas can be used as thortical basis for the plant source of fat in calf milk replacer.