Effect Of Methyl Donor Supplementation During Gestation In Sows On Reproductive Performance And Antioxidative Ability Of Sows And Offspring

Maternal oxidative stress is harmful to the development of embryos,fetuses and placenta.Exposure to bisphenol A(BPA)during embryonic development will result in tissue oxidative stress,and the addition of methyl donor may improve the antioxidant ability of the organism.The test was designed according to the 2 × 2 factor,and the experimental treatment effect came from two aspects:methyl donor and bisphenol A.The effects of Methyl donor(MET)supplementation on reproductive performance and the antioxidant capacity of maternal and offspring were studied.Based on this,whether the methyl donor can counteract the effect of bisphenol A on the sows and the offspring was also examined.A total of 60 sows(50%Landrace X 50%Large White)were randomly divided into 4 groups(n = 15).The diets were given as follows:1)CON group,basal diet;2)BPA group,basal diet + bisphenol A;3)MET group,basal diet + methyl donor;4)MET + BPA group,basal diet + methyl donor + bisphenol A.The study was from the first day of pregnancy to supply the corresponding test diet until delivery.After delivery all sows feed the same diet,28 days weaning.Blood and milk samples,chorioallantoic and newborn piglets liver were collected for analysis of antioxidant-related markers and antioxidant enzymes.The results showed that:1.Reproductive performance The supplementation of methyl donor to the sows during pregnancy significantly increased average weaning weight and weaning litter weight(P<0.05).The average weight of the birth in MET group and the BPA group was significantly higher than that of the CON group(P<0.05).The average litter size,average birth weight and weaning weight were significantly higher in the BPA+MET group than in the CON group(P<0.05).2.Plasma Hcy levels of sows The supplementation of methyl donor to sows during pregnancy significantly affected plasma homocysteine(Hcy)concentration.The level of Hcy in MET group was significantly lower than that in the CON and BPA groups at 35 and 110 days in pregnancy(P<0.05).3.Oxidative status index(1)At 35 days pregnancy,supplementation of MET during pregnancy significantly increase the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity compared with CON group and BPA(P<0.01).In 110 days of pregnancy,MET group significantly reduce the malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration compared with BPA group.Compared with BPA and BPA + MET group,MET significantly increased the plasma total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)on the day of birth(P<0.05).Compared with the MET and CON group,supplementation of BPA significant reduction catalase(CAT)activity in plasma at pregnancy 35 days(P<0.01),and deceased T-AOC concentration on the day of birth(P<0.01).At 110 days in pregnancy,supplementation of BPA during pregnancy significantly increased the MDA concentration in plasma(P<0.01).(2)The supplementation of MET during pregnancy significantly increase the activity of SOD in the milk(P<0.01).Supplementation of MET significantly increased the concentration of T-AOC in colostrum and milk as well as there was a tendency to increase glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in colostrum compared with the CON group and the BPA group(P = 0.06).The addition of BPA significantly increased the concentration of MDA in normal milk(P<0.05).(3)Compared with BPA group,the supplementation of MET during pregnancy significantly increase the activity of CAT in umbilical cord blood(P<0.01).The addition of MET increased the activity of CAT in umbilical cord blood compared with CON group and BPA group(P<0.01).The addition of BPA significantly reduced the activity of GSH-Px in umbilical cord blood(P<0.05).Compared with MET group,the addition of BPA significantly reduced the activity of GSH-Px in umbilical cord blood.Supplementation of BPA significantly reduced T-AOC in umbilical cord blood compared with CON and MET group(P<0.01).(4)The supplementation of MET during pregnancy in sows significantly increased activity of CAT and GSH-Px in neonatal piglets(P<0.01).The concentration of T-AOC was significantly increased by MET supplementation compared with CON and BPA group(P<0.01).Compared with the MET group,the addition of BPA significantly reduced the plasma CAT activity(P<0.01)in the newborn piglets,and significantly increased the plasma MDA concentration(P ?0.01).(5)CAT and GSH-Px activity and the T-AOC level in liver of newborn piglets was significantly increased by supplementation of MET in sows during pregnancy compared with CON and BPA group(P<0.01),and the MDA concentration was significantly decreased compared with the BPA group(P<0.01).The supplement of BPA in sows during pregnancy significantly increased the MDA concentration in neonatal piglets liver(P = 0.05).(6)Supplementation of MET during pregnancy significantly improved SOD activity of chorioallantois in BPA + MET group(P<0.01).Compared w:ith BPA group,supplementation of MET significantly improved the chorioallantoic CAT activity(P<0.05).MET group significantly improved the activity of GSH-Px and ASA compared with CON and BPA group.Supplementation of MET during pregnancy significantly improved the MDA concentration in chorioallantois compared with the CON and MET group(P<0.01).(7)The expression of Cu,Zn-SOD and GPxl genes in chorioallantois was significantly affected by the supplementation of methyl donor in sows during pregnancy.The expression of Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the MET group(P<0.01).The addition of MET in sows significantly increased the expression of GPxl compared with CON and MET group(P<0.05).The expression of Cu,Zn-SOD in the liver of newborn piglets was significantly affected by the addition of BPA in sows during pregnancy,and the expression of GPxl and CAT was significantly affected by MET.Compared with the MET group,the addition of BPA significantly reduced the expression of Cu,Zn-SOD(P = 0.01).The addition of methyl donor in sow up-regulated the expression of Mn-SOD in newborn piglets liver(P<0.01).In summary,sows exposed to bisphenol A(BPA)during pregnancy induced oxidative stress in the maternal,umbilical cord blood and newborn piglets.The supplementation of methyl donor during pregnancy reduced the plasma Hcy concentration in the sows,and increased antioxidant capacity of sows,placental and offspring,as well as counteracts the oxidative stress induced by BPA.