| To explore the hilly dryland under the condition of different soils same fertilizer characteristics and fertilizer effect in wheat of Sichuan,the field experiments were conducted in the village of Zhu Jia(29.99°N,104.14°E)in Renshou county,Sichuan province from 2014 to 2016,Sichuan wheat 104 as test material,the first year set N,P,K fertilizer rate for the single factor experiment design(pure N gradient respectively 0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210 kg/hm2,P2O5 and K2O gradient were respectively 0,30,60,90,120,150 kg/hm2);based on the test in the first year,second year in rice stubble wheat conventional cultivation fertilizer levels(N150P75K75)as the control,Setting to "reducing N,increasing P,and stabilizing K" as the core of N,P,K proportion test,using two factor randomized block design,the input of pure N respectively 150,120,90,60 kg/hm2,P2O5 and K2O are 75,120 kg/hm2,set the CKO(NOPOKO),a single K application controls(N0P0K75),2 without N(N0P75K75 and N0P120K75).The tests are conducted on a soil and two soils.And here's the effect:1.For two soils,single increasing N,no significant effect to increase production of wheat,but increasing P fertilizer,can significantly increase wheat yield,to P120 effect is the best,but no significant difference with P60,P90,and P150;K fertilizer on K60 is the best.Increasing P fertilizer,mainly by increasing the effective panicles to increase production.Based on this,further study "reducing N,increasing P,and stabilizing K" effect.2.Appropriate "reducing N,increasing P,and stabilizing K" can promote wheat tillers.N120 extended the single highest tillers(1.34 tillers/plant),N60 significantly higher than other levels,fell to 1.96 tillers/plant,significantly lower than that of N90(1.14 tillers/plant)and N150(1.17 tillers/plant);A soil increasing P fertilizer(P120)per plant tillers(1.30 tillers/plant)is significantly higher than the comparison P75(1.01 tillers/plant).Taken together,a soil N120P120 yield the highest tillers(1.46 tillers/plant),in addition to N150P120 no significant difference(1.38 tillers/plant),significantly higher than other processing.3.Moderately reducing nitrogen,increasing phosphorus and stabilizing potassium are beneficial for dry matter accumulation of wheat.Increasing the phosphate application rate improved the population dry matter accumulation in each growth period on two elevations of the slopping lands and significant difference was observed on middle field(T2).The N120 treatment stood out in the dry matter accumulation in the whole growth period and the difference was more obvious on middle field than that on valley field,however,the accumulated quantity of dry matter on middle field is lower than that on valley field.4.The flag leaf chlorophyll content was improved by increasing the phosphate fertilizer application in the flowering period and the degradation of leaf chlorophyll was delayed after the flowering.However,significant reduction in the flag leaf chlorophyll content was observed in the reducing N treatments and the maximum was in N150 treatment,followed by N120 treatment.Furthermore,the peak chlorophyll content was in N150P75,followed by N120P120 in the different ratio of nitrogen N and P fertilizer levels.5.On two elevations of the slopping lands,the N and K accumulation in flowering and N accumulation in grain were significant improved by increasing the P fertilizer application rate,but little effect was observed on P accumulation.The maximum N and P accumulation was in N120 among the reducing N treatments and the maximum K accumulation was in the N150.The N120P120 showed the optimal performance in the N,P and K accumulation in different ratio of N and P levels.In terms of nutrient utilization,the N partial factor productivity(NPFP)and agronomic N use efficiency(NAE)were significantly improved by increasing the P fertilizer application rate,but the P partial factor productivity(PPFP)and agronomic P use efficiency(PAE)were significant reduced.The maximum NPFP and NAE were in N60 and the maximum PPFP and PAE were in N120 in the reducing N treatment.6.Two soils,P fertilizer increased significantly to increase production.Reducing N resulted in production reduction,but no significant difference were observed between N110 and N150.Different ratio of N and P levels,both the same with N150P120 yields highest,N120P120 slightly low,no significant difference,above N120P120 as the best ratio,yield of 6000 kg/hm2.This study concluded that,for every 100kg of wheat produced in the dry land of Sichuan,characteristics requiring fertilizer are nitrogen(N)2.8 to 3.0 kg,phosphorus(P2O5)0.5 to 0.55 kg,and potassium(K2O)1.8 to 1.9 kg.Besides that,N120P120K75 treatment combinations in the test are suitable for Sichuan hilly drylands fertilizer proportion.Compared to the rice crop wheat N150P75K75,applying the N fertilizer content decreased by 20%,applying fertilizer P content increased by 60%. |
PDF Full Text Request