Research On The Adaptability Of New Bred Wheat Cultivars (Lines) On Dry-landin Hilly Areas Of Sichuan Province

Nineteenvarieties of wheat with high yield potential which have passed or are for review and approvalof the national or provincial examination during the 12th five-year plan of Sichuan province were used as experiment materials from November 2013 to May 2014 with a singlefactor randomized block design. In order to screen the most suitable wheat varietiesand provide theory and technical bases for wheat cultivating and breeding for intercropping system in Sichuanhilly areas, the characteristics of growth period, the main relationship between agronomic trait, lodging resistance, disease resistance and yield of different wheat varieties in intercropping pattern were studied. The main results were as follows:1. There were large difference among the 19 wheat varieties in yield and agronomic traits with the yield ranging from 1765.5 to 4524.0kg/hm2, the ear number ranging from1.935×106 to 2.865×106/hm2, the grain number ranging from35 to 53 per ear,the 1000-seed weight ranging from 36.3 to 51.3g, the plant height ranging from 85.9 to 105.5cm, the length of second basal culm internode ranging from 8.1tol2.8cm, the jointing time lasting from December 3rd to January 12 and flowering time lasting from March 31st to March 2nd. The powdery mildew occurred seriously in two varieties, andserious lodging was observed in the field in 7 wheat varieties.2. Among the nineteen varieties, the yield of the first five varieties were Chuanmai63, Chuanmai104, Shumai969, Mianmai37 and Nanmai302, and the yield of which increased by 15.8%-40.1% compared with the average yield. The basic construction of yield contains a ear number of 2.5×106ears/hm2, kernels number of 46 per spike, a 1000-seed weight of 46g, a shorter second basal culm internode, lighter occurrence of pests, diseases and lodging in the field.3. The correlation analysisshowed that the wheat growth period had little effect on the yield of wheat, and the yield was significantly positively correlated with the earbearingtiller percentage and the grain number per spike, the dry mater of single stem in the mature period especially weight of per leaf and single ear weight were significantly positively correlated with yield; Grey relationship analysis showed that the days from flowering to maturity were highly correlated with grain number and 1000-seed weight, and which also had great effect on yield, and the dry mater weight of single stem in mature had large influence on grain number and 1000-seed weight.Path analysis showed that the number of grains per ear had the greatest influence on the yield.4. Taking the wheat/wheat/maize cropping system and the typically arid characteristics and infertility of the soil in Sichuan hilly areas into consideration, as well as comprehensive properties(such as the plant height, resistance, high yield potential and so on), the research suggests that theChuanmai63, Chuanmai104 and Shumai969 can be suitable and widely applied in dryland of Sichuan hilly area.