| Zanthoxylum armatum DC.is a combination of edible and officinal of high economic value of tree species.At present,most of planting Z.armatum DC.uses original bearing-shoot pruning harvested technology to harvest Clusters in sichuan basin.The method of original bearing-shoot pruning harvested is to maintain or adjust the tree,which is cut original bearing-shoot of Z armatum DC.from 10～20 cm the base,and harvest artificially clusters of original bearing-shoot pruned,to reduce or cut short for the residual base(stake)of original bearing-shoot.It is a method about harvesting with pruning as the same time advantageous to the fruit harvest also reduces the workload of tree pruning.At present in the actual production,due to the time of flower bud differentiation of Z armatum DC.and rule are not clear.And some trees would to death by pruning blind,flower bud and the second production is to reduce annual and other issues.Therefore,Z armatum DC.of artificial cultivation in sichuan province LuXi,were selected as research objects,this paper studied morphological differentiation of flower,original bearing-shoot and buds of external morphological characteristics in different differentiation period and the influence of pruning harvested time of corresponding periods by the frozen section and observation method,explore the differentiation regulation of bud differentiation,and the relationship between pruning harvested time and morphological differentiation of flower bud,in order to improve the basic biology,and Master to the basis of identify different differentiation period from external characteristics,reduce the mortality rate of trees and second years of production,find the best pruning harvested time and the latest harvest pruning time,for provide evidences for high-yield cultivation techniques of Z.armatum.The results are listed as follows:1.Flower bud and leaf bud of.armatum DC.are naked,encased from 6 to 9 young leaf.Young leaf is fleshy and compound leaf structure is clear.There is distribution on young leaves of brown patch shape scales,and the bud outer wrapped with a layer of transparent resin.Generally,the axil of part of the flower buds has the ability to sprout of deputy bud and inflorescence.the inflorescence of Z armatum DC.belongs to Poly umbrella panicle.In late October,bud began toblossom bud differentiation,with becaming round,such as football,can distinguish flower bud and leaf bud in this periods.Incomplete and unisexual flower of Z armatum DC.is made up of shortening flower stalk,sepal,flower disc,ovary,column and stigma.The structure of male flowers abnormal includes tepals,anther,filament,flower disc and flower stalk,and anthers oval shape.Male flowers anther types have 1 to 8 grain,more for 4 to 6.2.The female flower bud differentiation process of Z.armatum DC.,had not original bearing-shoot harvested pruned,is artificially divided into seven stages,Undifferentiated stage(July 20,before),Flower bud differentiation phase(July 30 to Sept.10),Inflorescence primordium differentiation stage(September 10 to October 20),blossom bud differention(October 20 th to December 7),Sepals differentiation(November 1-February 1 of the following year),Ovary differentiation(Feb.1 to March5),column differentiation(March 5 to March 15).The period of Z.armatum DC.flower bud differentiation throughout takes more than 7 months(227 days).Female flower differentiation process presents the rule of fast-fast-slow-slow.3.Original bearing-shoot pruning harvested treatments are June 7,on June 16,June 29,July 10,20 July,July 30,on August 10etc.On June 7 to August 10,6-7X treatment germination number is less,but into the maximum number of original bearing-shoot,and 8-1OX treatment is less and lowest rates into original bearing-shoot.6-7X treatment about 20 days later than untrimmed and starting around the flower bud differentiation on August 20th.8-10X treatment until Sept..30 was found that flower bud differentiation was start,and differentiation rate decreased significantly,But all treatment differentiation process start to achieve consistently in November after.On June 7 to August 10,and the highest rate of Z.armatum DC.(6-7X),is 96%.The lowest differentiation rate is 8-10 X about 67%,and has short branches and less node of inflorescence.the highest flowering rate of 6-16X,is 95.51%;the lowest flowering rate 6-29 X,is 69.13%.Followed by 8-10X,is 82.77%.6-16X treatment of the number of inflorescence flowers is maximum,about per inflorescence 78.22 flowers,and 8-10X treatment is the least,the average inflorescence 39.33 flowers.6-7 X treatment of secondary branch germination percentage is the highest,about 56.59%;and 8-10 X is the lowest,about 0.39%,has few node of branches and lowest differentiation rate.Each Pruning treatment flowering time has no big difference,in the next year,and March 15 to March 27 begin to bloom.With the time of original bearing-shoot pruning harvested delay,On June 7 to August 10,the pruning time early of treatment flower bud differentiation start time is early,and slow,vice is late,and fast.the original bearing-shoot number,the flower bud differentiation rate,the abloom rate and the amount of flower inflorescence,is reduced.The secondary branch germination percentage of several kinds of treatment is decreased with pruning time delay.In the middle of June to late July,the trees by original bearing-shoot pruning harvested can smoothly to carry on the flower bud differentiation,does not affect on the production of the second year.8-10 X treatment was pruned in early August,Adverse phenomenon of original bearing-shoot growth and flower bud differentiation has emerged,which have short branches and less node of blooming.So the suitable time of original bearing-shoot harvested pruning is in the middle of June to late July,in addition,the latest time is in mid-august.At the end of September to early October is the cut point of time for leaf bud of Z.armatum DC.to flower bud.The bud differentiation start time of trees by original bearing-shoot pruning harvested is later than tree without pruning,and among them the first 6-7X treatment began to bud differentiation on August 20,20 days or so later than unpruned trees.8-10X treatment began to bud differentiation until September 30,about 2 months later unpruned trees. |
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