Development Of Insertion-deletion(InDel) Markersbased Onchinese Cherrygenome And The Assessments Of Their Transferability

Rosaceae include enumerous commerically important fruit crops and ornamental plants.Chinese cherry(Cerasus pseudocerasus(Lindl.)G.Don),belongs to the genus Cerasus of Rosaceae family,and is nativeto China.lt has been cultiveated more than 3000 years and is one of the four mainly cultivated cherry varieties of the world.In China,there are rich Chinese cherry germplasm resources containing high level of genetic diversity and showing high potential in cherry breeding.Molecular markers have been widely used in the studies on genetic diversity of plant speciesin recent years.InDel markers have numerous excellent characteristics,such as low costs,high specificity,high degree of reproducibility and good interspecific transferability,and showed high potential in there searches of genetic diversity.In this study,we developed InDel markers from the Chinese cherry genome to study the genetic diversity of Chinese cherry and detect their transferability among eight genus of Rosaceae family.1 Development of InDel markers and the assessments of genetic diversity in Chinese cherry200 InDel markerswere randomly selected tosynthesizeforfurhter study.After the primaryscreen,50 markersgenerated clear and specificbands across twelve Chinese cherry accessions(six ladrace and six wild accessions).Of 50 primers,27showed polymorphism,withthepolymorphism ratio of 54%.Across 192 Chinese cherry accessions(1681andrace and 24 wild accessions),a total of 60 alleles were detectedat 27 loci,with the mean of2.7 alleles per locus.Themeangene diversity(Hs),mean polymorphism information content(PIC)and meanexpected heterozygosity(He)were 0.239,0.198and 0.281,respectively.The UPGMA tree was constructed for 192 Chinese cherry accessions based on the similarity coefficients.Our results showed a clear distinctness between landraceand wild accessions and two different genetic clusters(Cluster Ⅰ and ClusterⅡ)within Chinese cherry landraceaccessions.Cluster Ⅰ mainly consisted of the all landraceaccessions from Sichuan Basin(SB)and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP)and partiallandrace accessions from Qinling Moutains(QLM).Cluster Ⅱ included the rest of the landrace accessions from QLM and alllandrace accessions from North China Plain and East China Plain(NEC).Subsequently,all accessions were divided into five groups(LSB,LYGP,LQLM,LNECand WCC)according to the results from UPGMA tree and geographic locationstoestimate their genetic diversity.Among four landrace groups,two highest genetic diversity were detected within LYGP(NA=1.704,Hs=0.217,He=0.296,PIC=0.174)and within LNEC(NA=1.667,HS=0.219,He=0.321,PIC=0.171),followed by LQLM(NA=1.519,HS=0.205,He=0.328,PIC=0.162)and LSB(NA=1.667,HS=0.158,He=0.246,PIC=0.126).Meantime,the level of genetic diversity within wild group(WCC)(NA=2.074,HS=0.301,He=0.253,PIC=0.249)was higher than that within each landrace group.2 Transferability of Chinese cherry InDel markers34 of 200 InDel markers showed the different degree of the transferability among eight genus of the Rosaceae family,including the genus Prunus,Pyrus,Armeniaca,Amygdalus,Cerasus,Malus,Fragaria,Rubus.Among 34 selected markers,six markers successfully generated clear and specific bands among of eight genus.C.yedoensis andC.Avium belonging to the subgenus Cerasus have the highest transferability primers ratio(100%),followed byArmeniaca(94.11%)Armeniaca(91.18%),Amygdalus(91.17%),Prunus(85.29%),Pyrus(55.8%)and Malus(64.71%).The lowest transferability primers ratiowere detected within Fragaria and Rubus,with the ratios of 4.06%and 35.29%,respectively.Meantime,our reults of the PCA showed that 34 markers could separate the accessions from different genuand some of them were polymorphic within seven genus.Thus,our selected 34 InDel markers have moderately high transferability rate among the studied species from eight genus of Rosaceae,and can beused to conduct the researches of genetic diversity.