Effects Of Different Film Mulching Methods On Yield And Water Fertilizer Effect Of Winter Wheat In Dryland

In this paper,A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different film mulching methods on the effect of yield,water-fertilizer efficiency,soil microbial activity and organic carbon fractions in 2015-2016 to explore the best local film mulching method,and provide a theoretical basis for high yield,high efficiency and good quality cultivation of rained winter wheat in Southern Shanxi and even China.The main results are as follows:Film mulching could promote the growth and development of winter wheat and significantly increased the yield of winter wheat.Compared with the soil testing and fertilizer regulation treatment,the spike number of flat film dibbling and ridge film furrow sowing treatments significantly increased by 27.68%and 31.98%,the total stem number increased by 21.50%-161.40%,the grain yield increased by 56.35%and 35.13%,the biological yield increased by 60.43%and 42.15%,net income increased by 134.90%and 74.21%,and the difference was significant.Compared with no mulching treatment,mulching treatment increased the dry matter accumulation in wheat,Those of ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling was 18.03%-203.14%and 35.68%-142.54%respectively higher than no mulching treatment from reviving stage to mature stage,the difference was significant.The dry matter accumulation reached the highest from the jointing to flowering stage.Ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling on the basis of measurement and control of fertilization accumulation was highest.Nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and distribution in each treatment for the overall performance of grain>stem leaf>glume>axle,the overall trend of potassium uptake and distribution was as follows:stem leaf>grain>glume>axle.Film mulching increased the the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and total nutrient uptake by grain,and on the basis of measurement and control of fertilization,the total absorption of film mulching increased by 19.58%-73.48%.Based on the measurement and control of fertilization,ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling compared with no mulching treatment nitrogen partial productivity ncreased by 69.18%and 35.09%,phosphorus partial factor productivity increased by 34.63%and 31.58%,and the differences were significant.Film mulching significantly increased the nutrient accumulation in wheat shoots at different growth stages.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium mainly concentrated in the jointing to flowering stage.Film mulching increased nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus transfer and transfer nutrient contribution rate,which on the basis of measurement and control of fertilization,ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling compared with no mulching treatment nitrogen transfer amount increased by 83.81%and 17.30%,The apparent loss rate of nitrogen decreased by 52.02%and 121.38%.phosphorus transfer amount increased by 72.58%and 38.24%,and the difference was significant.Film mulching could increase the content of organic carbon in topsoil of dryland wheat field.Film mulching improved the content of organic carbon,organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in light group,increased 6.52%-110.48%,and had no significant effect on the activity of organic carbon and water soluble organic carbon.Film mulching decreased 2 m soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation after harvest,although the difference was not significant,and on the basis of measurement and control of fertilization,ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling compared with no mulching treatment decreased by 6%and 6.3%respectively.Film mulching increased water use efficiency and annual precipitation productivity.Based on the measurement and control of fertilization,ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling compared with no mulching treatment WUE increased by 35.37%and 22.55%respectively,the deep water consumption of 160-200 cm was 16.61%and 26.16%higher than that of control fertilizer,and the annual precipitation production efficiency increased by 56.35%and 35.13%respectively.The difference was significant.At the same time,film mulching compared with no mulching the annual production efficiency improved by 12.34%under farmer mode.Film mulching had a significant control effect on temperature.In the lower temperature season(seedling stage and wintering period),film mulching had a good effect on the preservation of dry wheat field,and compared with no film mulching increased by 0.5-1 ?.In the high temperature season(from reviving stage to harvest stage),but also play a certain cooling effect on the wheat field.Film mulching could improve soil biological activity.Based on the measurement and control of fertilization,ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling compared with no mulching treatment significantly increased urease activity of 0-20 cm soil layer by 17.80%-122,78%during reviving stage,jointing stage and harvest stage;at the same time,ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling compared with no mulching treatment increased microbial carbon content by 2.31%-119.57%in reviving stage to flowering stage,and the difference reached a significant level.In conclusion,film mulching could effectively improve the the water use capacity and biological activity in winter wheat,promote the growth and development of wheat,increase dry matter accumulation,increase the number of spike and 1000 grain weight.The ridge film furrow sowing and flat film dibbling methods combined with soil testing and fertilizer regulation had the best effect.Therefore,these two kinds of cultivation methods are suitable for application and promotion in Southern Shanxi.