| The inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium is traditional Chinese medicine and is used for headache,eye pain and hepatopathy,meanwhile,it can be relieve eye fatigue,radiation and senile,and there are necessity to study the effects of nitrogen molybdenum magnesium nutrients and organic acids on the growth and quality of C.morifolium,The results showed that:1.Nitrogen forms had largely influented the content of chlorophyll of C.morifolium and photosynthesis rate,which was setted out on the same leaves with the chlorophyll,and the correlation coefficient was reached 0.675,the effects of amide nitrogen on photosynthetic rate was the highest,but the effects of nitrate nitrogen on the absorption of potassium K+ and calcium Ca2+ was more critical than amide nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen,while the effects from amide nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen on tmagnesium Magnesium had a similar accumulation in the flowers of C.morifolium.2.The yield reached its maximum when investigated both amide nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,and the activities of NR was reached its hightest after investigated ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),the free amino acid and soluble protein content in the leaves and chlorogenic acid content in the flowers were higher than the other two nitrogen forms.In addition,the effects of amide nitrogen on the GS activities in the leaves and flavonoids content were more critical.Nitrate nitrogen largely influented on the content of mignonette glycosides in the flowers of C.morifolium,and the content of 3,5-O-dicoffeoylqunic acid of treatment 5 was almost one times higher than it was in the deficiency treatment.3.The weight of one hundred flowers and the yield,and the drying rate of C.morifolium was significantly increased spraying with MoO42-,and the activity of NR and GS and the content of amylum were increased,but every treatment of MoO42-showed positive effects on the content of soluble protein.The biggest increases(about 20.14%)of chlorogenic acid occurred in the treatment of 300 mg·L-1 MoO42-,the content of luteoloside and 3,5-O-dicoffeoylqunic acid in C.morifolium reached the highest when treated with 200 mg·L-1 MoO42-.Spraying with MoO42-could promote absorption of potassium K+,and there were assist effect on MoO42-and Cu2+ or MoO42-and Zn2+.4.Relative to the treatment of 3.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2SO4,the light compensation point(LCP)was lower but the light saturation point(LCP)was higher with the treatment of contrast,and the reduction of LSP was larger with the treatment of 5.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2SO4.The results also showed that magnesium stress could increase the intercellular CO2 concentration in leaves of C.morifolium between 10:00～14:30,and using appropriate Mg2SO4 concentration could improve the ability of utilizing light and CO2,and the best treatment was 3.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2SO4.5.Low Mg2SO4 environment was conducive to improve the flower diameter and flower weight and other growth indicators,but 1.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2SO4 was more helpful to promote the nitrogen metabolism of it.The activity of SOD and POD and content of MDA in the leaves were significantly increased after low Mg stress and high Mg stress.Although the high Mg stress could increase the content of total flavonoids in C.morifolium,low magnesium conditions are conducive to accumulation of luteolin and 3,5-O-double caffeoylquinic acid.In addition,Magnesium nutrition stress promoted the absorption of K+,but it had no helpful for the accumulation of Cu2+ in inflorescence,so there was no synergistic effect of PO42-and Mg2SO4 in C.morifolium,and low Mg2SO4 stress could contribute to the accumulation of Mg2SO4 to the flower,but it could helpful for the accumulation of Mn2,which reached its maximum under low Mg2SO4 stress.6.The chlorophyll contents and carotenoid were highest at 1.5 mmol·L-1 citric acid treatment,and the optimum concentration of citric acid could increase the SOD,POD activity and MDA content in the leaves,but 10.0 mmol·L-1 citric acid inhibited the activity of SOD,POD and content of MDA of C.morifolium.The root activity,leaf relative content of water,the soluble protein and soluble sugar could be increased in the flowering stage after different concentrations of citric acid treated,5.0 mmol-L’1 citric acid had reached the best effect.7.The content of total flavonoid in flower creased when 5.0 mmol·L-1 and 7.5 mmol·L-1 citric acid treated,and 2.5 mmol·L-1 citric acid increased the content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside,but 5.0 mmol·L-1 citric acid increased the content of 3,5-O-double caffeoyl quinic acid,which had the best result to the absorption of large and medium elements,but citric acid is not conducive to trace mineral elements to the root of transportation.In general,the flowers had the most accumulation of trace elements,and 7.5 mmol·L-1 citric acid had accumulated the trace elements of C.morifolium. |
