Analysis Of Three Kinds Of Fuctional Co-Npontens Of Lepidium Meyenii From Six Production Regions Of Yunnan Province

Maca(Lepidium meyenii)is native to South America Peru at an high altitude mountainous area.Maca contains many kinds of bioactive ingredients,such as alkaloids,maca amide and maca ene,maca polysaccharide,etc.These active ingredients have pharmacological effects such as fatigue resistance,anti-aging,prevent osteoporosis,prevention of female menopause symptoms.Because of it's abundant nutritive value and special biological activity,it draws attention of the researchers from all over the world.Maca was successfully introduced to Yunnan province in 2002 and mainly planted in Zhaotong,Lijiang,Shangri-la,etc.Maca industry not only promotes the economic development of Yunnan,but also becomes an important content of Yunnan plateau characteristic agriculture.In recent years,especially from the approvement maca as a new resources food by the national ministry of health of China,domestic consumers have appeared in the blind pursuit of maca products and maca planting all around Yunnan is dragged into total chaos But until now the maca quality evaluation system still has not yet been established,causing a serious harming for the sustainable development of the whole maca industryly.In this paper,the extraction methods of total alkaloids,macaamide and maca polysaccharides were explored.After that,we studied the contents of the three essential substances of total alkaloids,macaamide and polysaccharides of maca from six different ecological environment producing regions of Yunnan(Shangri-La,Lijiang,Dali,Kunming,Zhaotong,and Honghe).The aim of this paper is to provide the reference for the industry standard of quality evaluation of Yunnan maca.The main results are as follows:(1)The total alkaloid of maca which from six different regions is determined using the acidic dye ratio mathod.The results showed that maca from Shangri-la region had the highest content of total alkaloid,3.18±0.41 mg/g;followed by samples from Lijiang area,2.67±0.11 mg/g.Single factor variance analysis of variance data showed that different region maca total alkaloid content existed significant differences(P<0.05).The results indicated that the total alkaloid of maca which from Shangri-la and Lijiang regions was significantly higher than other four regions.The total alkaloid of maca had no statistical difference for samples from Dali,Zhaotong,Kunming and Honghe.It is indicates that the geographical factors are closely related to the total alkaloid content of maca.(2)The content of macaamide(linoleamide,linolamide,hexadecaneamide)of maca from six different regions was determined using the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)mathod.The results showed that maca from Shangri-la rigion had the highest content of macaamide,2.46±0.040 mg/g;followed by samples from Lijiang area,1.97±0.018 mg/g.Single factor variance analysis of variance data showed that different region maca macaamide content existed significant differences(P<0.05).The results showed that the total content of macaamide of maca from Shangri-la and Lijiang regions was significantly higher than other regions.It is indicates that the geographical factors are closely related to the content of amide of maca.(3)The polysaccharide of maca which from six different regions was determined using the acidic dye colorimetry and the ultraviolet-visible spectropho-tometer mathod.The results showed that maca from Shangri-la region had the highest content of polysaccharide,8.6±0.38%;Single factor variance analysis of variance data showed that different region maca polysaccharide content exist significant differences(P<0.05).The results showed that the content of maca polysaccharide from Shangri-la was the highest.It is indicates that the geographical factors are closely related to the content of polysaccharide of maca.The above results showed that the harsh natural conditions of Shangri-La and Lijiang regions led to the secondary metabolites of maca(total alkaloids,macaamide and maca polysaccharides)higher than other five regions.Such as high altitude,strong light,low temperature,large temperature difference between day and night,strong ultraviolet and other harsh natural conditions.The quality of the maca from Shangri-La and Lijiang was higher than other producing regions.Based on macaamide is a category secondary metabolites which only found in maca and had special biological activity ecommending to use the content of macaamide as the standard for evaluating the quality of maca.But the specific content is to be investigated.