Effects Of Different Cultivation Models On Grain Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat And Its Benefit Evaluation

In wheat production the production costs are increasing,the problems of unreasonable application of traditional cultivation technology and low in place rate,Therefore,in order to improve the quality of wheat and peasants income,the quality of wheat varieties and the appropriate cultivation and management measures can be improved.In order to explore the wheat cultivation models for dry land and irrigated land,the test chosen arid varieties Pubing 151 and widely cultivated varieties Xinong 979 and Xiaoyan 22 as the test material.The three different cultivation models were conventional cultivation model C,the cultivation model of cost savings and improve efficiency J,the high-efficiency culltivation model of saving labour,water and pesticide S.The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different cultivation model on the grain yield,quality,economic efficiency,dry matter accumulation.Main results of this study are as follows:(1)The growth and development of winter wheat were affected by environmental factors and cultivation management measures,and the management measures could change the growth process of winter wheat under the artificial control.varieties P had the highest number of tiller under the cultivation model S in the early winter.but in the late winter the tiller number has been lower than other treatments in the cultivation model C and cultivation model of J,All varieties had no significant difference in population tiller number in the early flowering period,in the late flowering,because of the difference cultivation model treatment,the population of the former is higher than that of the latter.Compared with the cultivation model C,the leaf area index decreased slightly under the cultivation model J,the leaf area index of varieties P is lower than other treatment after jointing stage,however,the index of leaf area in late stage is maintained at a certain level.(2)The accumulation of dry matter and the growth rate of winter wheat were regulated by the cultivation model,under cultivation model S,the dry matter accumulation and population growth rate of varieties P were significantly lower than those of other treatments,from flowering to maturity,compared with the cultivation model C,the dry matter accumulation and growth rate of each varieties were reduced under the cultivation model J.Compared to the cultivation model J,The post anthesis dry matter transfer and the contribution rate to grain of all varieties were improved under the cultivation model C.Under the same cultivation model,there was a great difference among the varieties,the difference reached a very significant level(P < 0.01).The dynamic changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of winter wheat were affected by cultivation models Under different cultivation models the SPAD value of winter wheat Performance as: In turning green to jointing,the SPAD value of winter wheat increased rapidly,in heading to flowering stage,the SPAD value of winter wheat grows slowly,in grain filling,the SPAD value of winter wheat decreased rapidly.Under cultivation model C the SPAD values of all varieties decreased most slowly.Compared with the cultivation model C,the net photosynthetic rate of the varieties under the cultivation model of J had a small decrease after flowering,but there was no significant difference.The net photosynthetic rate of varieties P was reduced in the three periods under the cultivation model S.(3)The different cultivation model has a certain controlling effect on yield and quality of winter wheat,under the cultivation model S the yield and its components of variety P were lower than those of other treatments,which showed that the cultivation model C > cultivation model J > cultivation model S.Compared to the cultivation model C,The 1000 grain weight and the number of panicles per hectare of all varieties reduced under the cultivation model J,but the grain number per spike increased.Compared to the cultivation model J,the water content,bulk density and flour yield of all cultivars were higher than those of other treatments under the cultivation model C,but the protein,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,stability time,amylose content and water absorption rate decreased.(4)From a cost point of view,the results show that the total cost reduced 4.9% and 41% respectively by the cultivation model J and S compared to cultivation model C.From the point of technology and economic benefits,materialized net production rate and living net production rate of the cultivation model S are improved significantly by compared with other cultivation models,compared to the cultivation model C,the net photosynthetic rate of all varieties decreased,however,the net yield of live labor has been improved.Through analyzed the effects of different cultivation models on the growth and development,yield and quality,dry matter accumulation and translocation of different varieties of wheat,in irrigated land,the cultivation model J can be used to ensure stable production,improve the quality of wheat and alleviate the shortage of rural labor force.In dry land,the cultivation model S can be used to improve the income of farmers and protect resources and environment.With the acceleration of the structural reform of agricultural supply side,the two planting models will have a broader application prospect.