Effects Of Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium On Yield Quality And Economic Benefit In Flue-cured Tobacco Of Zhengning

For the problem of local unreasonable fertilization causing the quality is not high, and the quality down, this paper, the use of field trials and laboratory analysis methods, in 2007 in Qingyang County city layout is a field experiment to study the flue-cured tobacco of nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium fertilizer the best economic analysis of the local flue-cured tobacco of the dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption, and to explore the application of flue-cured tobacco production, economic efficiency and quality of the local flue-cured to provide a basis of scientific fertilization. The main test results are as follows:1 Effects of fertilization on dry matter and nutrient uptake in flue-cured tobacco For the accumulation of dry matter in growth stages about Zhengning flue-cured tobacco, the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco mainly concentrated in the 45-75 days after transplanting, The proportion of dry matter accumulation is more than 50% in this stages, which is the main period of accumulation of dry matter . Nitrogen accumulation of flue-cured tobacco leaves mainly concentrated in the 30-45 days after transplanting, The proportion of dry matter accumulation is 50%; stem and roots of nitrogen accumulated mainly concentrated in the 45-75 days after transplanting, The proportion of dry matter accumulation is about 70% in this stage. Phosphorus accumulation of leaves mainly concentrated in the period 30-45 days after transplanting, and the proportion of dry matter accumulation is only 47.1%; stem phosphorus accumulated mainly concentrated in the period 45-75 days after transplanting, and the proportion of dry matter accumulation is only 81.6%; the accumulation of phosphorus in stem is gentle.Potassium accumulation of leaves mainly concentrated in the 30-75 days after transplanting, and the proportion of dry matter accumulation is 69.9%. Potassium accumulation of stems mainly concentrated in the 45-75 days after transplanting ,and the proportion of dry matter accumulation is 75% , potassium accumulation of the roots change marginally.In different nitrogen levels, the dry matter accumulation in N60 is the highest in all growth stages.The dry matter accumulation in P0 is the lowest in all growth stages. The dry matter accumulation of P90 level is the highest in harvest.The dry matter accumulation of K0 levels is the lowest in all stages. The dry matter accumulation of K270 level is the highest in harvest.This shows that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 60,90,270 Kg/hm2, it is beneficial to dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco , In flue-cured tobacco the whole growth period, the cumulative rule in the same flue-cured tobacco of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium only affect the amount of the handling of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation.This shows that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 60,90,270 Kg/hm2, it is beneficial to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation of flue-cured tobacco. 2 Effects of fertilization on production and cost-effectiveness in flue-cured tobaccoFlue-cured tobacco production with the increase in nitrogen application rate increased first and then decreased. The highest production is 2566.9 kg/hm2 in N60 level.. In the N60 as the highest level of 2566.9 kg/hm2; through the nitrogen application rate and yield of a quadratic regression analysis, the amount of nitrogen for 55.3 kg/hm2 when the best results in the production of flue-cured tobacco.When the pure phosphorus under 90kg/hm2, as the phosphate fertilizer increased, the production of flue-cured tobacco was added and the pure phosphorus excess 90kg/hm2 ,the production of flue-cured tobacco was descend. Through the analysis of one second regression in phosphate fertilizer and yield , the pure phosphorus is 60.8kg/hm2, the flue-cured tobacco production is the best.As the potassium fertilizer increased, the production of flue-cured tobacco was added. In the paper, the production of flue-cured tobacco is the highest(2705.6 kg/hm2) in K270 level. Because of the soil rapidly-available potassium content is low, the K level isn't high enough in the test, and production ,the production of flue-cured tobacco is still increased, so the best economic of K in local is higher than the 270 kg/hm2 K2O.As the nitrogen fertilizer increased, the everage price, first-class smoke, output and the pure income of farmers were the biggest in N60 levels. When the nitrogen fertilizer under 60 kg/hm2, the the everage price, first-class smoke, output and the pure income of farmers was increased.As the phosphate fertilizer increased, the everage price, first-class smoke, output and the pure income of farmers were the biggest in P90 levels.Under 270kg/hm2 of potassium, as the patassium fertilizer increased, the everage price, first-class smoke, output and the pure income of farmers were increased significantly. This shows that the potassium can improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The economic benefits is the best in K270 level.3 Effects of fertilization on quality of flue-cured tobacco Potassium content in different parts of tobacco leaves is increased then lower as the nitrogen added and the content has reached the maximum in above,middle and lower in N60 level, with increased 2.6%, 3.3%, 19.1%, respectively.With the increasing amount of nitrogen application, the site of nicotine content increased, and in four nitrogen levels, the site of nicotine content has differences significantly. The increasing amplitude is the largest in central leaf, with 17.7%, 41.4%, 49.7% respectively. So the nitrogen fertilizer added, the site of nicotine content in leaf of above,middle and lower was increased.In four treatment of nitrogen fertilizer, the Schmuck's value is the most appropriate value of 2, soluble sugar and reducing sugar are the most close to appropriate value. So the N60 level is the best for promoting quality improvement. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer for soluble sugar and reducing sugar isn't significant.For the upper part of leaf, the amount of phosphorus isn't significant in 0-135 Kg/hm2. For the lower part of tobacco, the amount of phosphorus in P45, P90, P135 levels than in P0 level, and the difference is significant, but the P45, P90, P135 level there was no difference between the potassium content.With the increasing amount of phosphorus application, the site of nicotine content in upper and lower of part of leaf content increased. The site of nicotine in P45, P90, P135 levels has different significantly. So as the phosphorus increased, the site of nicotine content is added. The content in various parts of the nicotine in P90 has the most suitable tend to be more content.In four treatment of phosphorus fertilizer, the Schmuck's value is the most appropriate value of 2, and sugar than alkali is the biggest, which is benefit for quality.In 0-270 Kg/hm2 potassium, the potassium content in different parts of tobacco leaves is increased with the potassium added. For the upper and central leaf, the difference of four treatments is significant. This shows that increasing potassium fertilizer can significantly improve the central potassium content in tobacco.The potassium content is 0-270 Kg/hm2, the site of nicotine content in upper leaf isn't significant. The site of nicotine content in central and lower leaf is the nearest to suitable content in lower K270.In four treatment of potassium fertilizer, the Schmuck's value of K270 is the most appropriate value of 2. The sugar than alkali is the biggest, and the K / Cl is greater than 4. It can be seen that K270 level is the best for improving quality of flue-cured tobacco.In all different fertilizer treatments, the potassium content in various parts of the leaf is the highest in T10. The increasing extent is about 50% than T1. It is been that N:P:K = 1:1.5:4.5 is most benefit for improving potassium content of flue-cured tobacco.Various parts of the Schmuck's value and sugar than alkali are the nearest to appropriate content of T10, T6. So N:P:K = 1:1.5:3-4.5 is the most benefits for the chemical constituents content in tobacco tends to fit the content.In short, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 60,90,270 Kg/hm2, it is beneficial to dry matter anf N,P,K accumulation of flue-cured tobacco.Through theThrough the nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium and yield of a quadratic regression analysis, the best economic surueyed is 55.3 kg/hm2(N), 60.8 Kg/hm2(P). So it can predict that the best economic of potassium in local is K270, which is higher than 270Kg /hm2 K2O. In all treatments, the highest potassium content is T10(60 Kg/hm2(N), 90 Kg/hm2(P), 270 Kg/hm2(K)), and the site of nicotine content is the nearest to the appropriate value; Schmuck's value is the nearest to the appropriate value of 2; sugar than alkali is the biggest, which is the most beneficial for the quality of flue-cured tobacco.