| Pleurotus pulmonarius,alias coral mushroom,mini oyster mushroom esc.,belonging to Fungi,Basidiomycota,Agaricomycetes,Agaricomycetidae,Agaricales,Pleurotuceae,Pleurotus.P.pulmonarius is a wood saprophytic fungi,which can be cultivated in spring,autumn and winter.Because its fuiting body has beautiful shape and tastes delicious with a wealth of nutritions,p.pulmonarius is a new species in edible fungi and has been gaining popularity in recent decades.Development,identification,domestication and breeding of new vatieties have great significance about the industrual development of p.pulmonarius.This study includes the following sections:1 Identification of a wild edible fungi.There is a wild edible mushroom that collected in the forest as the experimental material,we classify the species by observating its fruiting body's morphology and analysising its rDNA-ITS sequence.The result shows that the rDNA-ITS sequence comparability of wild edible fungi and pleurotus.pulmonarius were 99%.The phylogenetic tree shows that the wild species and other p.pulmonarius in a same branch by the maximum likelihood method.Clustering analysis to the wild p.pulmonarius and other tested strains by RAPD,ISSR,SRAP,shows a longer genetic distance between the wild p.pulmonarius and other tested strains,which means that the wild p.pulmonarius is a new pleurotus.sp.2 Domestication of wild p.pulmonarius.The p.pulmonarius xiudilhao which is approved by Fujian province as the contrast to filter the growth factors of the wild p.pulmonarius with single factor experiment,like carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature and pH.The same experiment also use to filter best water content and pH for the mycelium growth in the cultivation materials.As soluble starch being carbon source or yeast extract being nitrogen source,the wild p.pulmonarius has a faster growth rate and growing well,which is similar to the contrast.The strain can germinate and grow in the temperature range about 5? to 35?,and the best envrionmental temperature for growth of the strain was 30?,while the envrionmental temperature beyond 50? or 5?,the mycelium death.The pH experiment shows that the strain can germinate and grow at the range about pH3 to pH 10,pH7 was the best condition for growing,and the mycelium dead beyond the scope,which means that the strain can grow well in the neutral envrionment.The germinatal strain can grow when the water content at the scope about 55%-75%in cultivation materials,65%was suitful.Add 2%light calcium cabonate in the cultivation materials can make the mycelium grow well.Producing mushroom with bag cultivation,common raw materials like sawdust,cottonseed hulls,corncobs used in conj unction with bran,corn flour can meet the growing needs of the strain.It took 38-45 d to fill the culture bag with sawdust and cottonseed hulls cultivation medium.With the range of relative air humidity was 85%to 90%,and range for temperature was 18? to 35?,the strain can be producing mushrooms.After open bags the mycelium grow primordium took about 7 to 10 days,then it took 2 or 3 days to grow up to fruiting body.Second harvesting can arrive after 10 to 15 days for mycelium recovery.Total output can make the biological efficiency up to 100%.Detecting the nutrients of fruiting body shows that there is a high content about nutrient,the content of free amino acid was more than 20%,the sugar and fat lower than 2%,and about 8%crude fiber.The content about nutrients has changed with the changing culture conditions.3 The monocaryotic strains were accurately divided into four mating types T1,T2,T3 and T4 through three hybridization,OWE-SOJ technology and nuclear migration test.We gained 45 new inbreeding strains and 176 hybrid strains with xiu di 1hao by single spore crossbreeding,then randomly selected 1 monocaryotic strain from the four mating type respectively to di-monad hybrid with the dicaryon strains xiu di 1 hao and the commercial strain.Combine with the result of antagonistic experiment,2 inbreeding strains(ys-1-22 and ys-5-27)and 4 hybrid strains(ys-5-x-36,ys-27-x-36,ys-24-x-10 and ys-22-x-38)were choosen by measuring the growth rate about their mycelium in the cultivation materials.All the choosen hybrid strains and the parent strains were clustering analysised by RAPD-PCR,ISSR-PCR,SRAP-PCR.The result shows that the strains were divided into 4 metaclusters and 4 single branch at D=0.6.Then all the choosen hybrid strains and the three parent strains were going to be tested with fruiting experiment.The result of fruiting experiment shows,ys-1-22 was a strain hads transgressive heterosis,it had a faster growth rate and its product heavier than its parent strain;ys-5-27 also had a faster growth rate while it can't grow primordium at the temperature range about 18 ? to 22?.The hybrid strain ys-24-x-10 was better than its parent strains in the tested characters,however,the colour of its pileus may not be welcomed by the consumer,so it can be the experimental materials for a further crossbreeding;the characters of hybrid strains that gained by di-monad hybrid had a little change,ys-24-sc had a good taste than its parent strain but it growed more slowly and its product hadn't a significanction difference with its parent strain. |
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