| In recent years,with unreasonable application of single fertilization model and ignoring of soil nutrient change,the soil physical and chemical character have been decreased remarkably,which resulted in reducing the tobacco leaves quality style characteristics.Therefore,it is particularly important to improve soil physical and chemical character for producing tobacco leaves with high quality and aromatic characteristic.In order to study how fertilization pattern influences soil characteristics,the growth and development of tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves,the writer conducted the field trials at the science and technology park of tobacco modern agriculture in Xuchang campus of the Henan Agricultural University.In this experiment,the cultivar Yu Yan 6 was fertilized by six treatments,respectively the conventional fertilization;conventional fertilization with pure charcoal;conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure;conventional fertilization with bacterial manure;conventional fertilization with pure charcoal and bacterial manure;conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.The influence of charcoal and different manure combinations on soil characteristicsThe volume-weight of soil was decreased significantly by the treatments of charcoal,high carbon base fertilizer,microbial fertilize and their mutually combination.Except for the treatment of conventional fertilization with bacterial manure,all treatments decreased the volume-weight of soil by 1.53% ~ 5.34%,and the optimum treatment is the combination of high carbon base fertilizer and microbial fertilize,60 days after transplanting.The soil p H was improved significantly by each treatment,which was respectively improved by 1.03%,2.51%,6.17%,3.43% and 8.36% compared with conventional fertilization,and the optimum treatment is conventional fertilization with bacterial manure,45 days after transplanting.90 days later,the soil organic matter content was increased significantly by the treatments of conventional fertilization with pure charcoal,conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure,which was respectively improved by 6.41%,12.18%,and 9.62% compared with the control.During the development of tobacco,the content of available nitrogen in soil was significantly improved by 28.73%,23.14%,19.26%,4.30% and 30.28%,respectively.The optimum treatment is conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure.However,the available phosphorous content have no remarkable influence by all treatments,it is on a declining curve during the development of tobacco.The available potassium content of soil was enhanced in certain degree,but the differences were not significant.2.The influence of the charcoal and different manure combinations on the growth and development of tobaccos.During the growth and development of tobaccos,plant height,stem circumference,area of the largest leaf and the number of effective leaf per plant have been improved in different extent by the application of biochar,high carbon base fertilizer,microbial fertilizer and their mutually combination.There is no significant difference about all characteristics during the early growth.Then,plant height,stem circumference,area of the largest leaf and the number of effective leaf per plant was increased by 7.41% ~ 17.09%,3.17% ~ 16.67%,0% ~ 13.64% and 0.32% ~ 15.38%,compare with conventional fertilization during 90 days after transplanting.And the optimum treatment that conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure improves the states and enhances the agricultural quality of tobacco.75 days after transplanting,the dry weight of roots,stems and leaves was increased by 6.02% ~ 31.11%,1.39% ~ 24.37% and 3.72% ~ 13.05% compare to the control.The optimum treatment is conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure,and the next one is conventional fertilization with pure charcoal and bacterial manure.3.The influence of the charcoal and different manure combinations on the routine chemical component of tobaccoThe total sugar and reducing sugar content of middle leaves were increased and the nicotine and total nitrogen content were decreased which contributed to the ratio of sugar and alkali increased,after the application of biochar,high carbon base fertilizer,microbial fertilizer and their mutually combination.The treatment of conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure has the most efficiency and has no significantly effect of kalium,chlorine content.Microbial fertilizer could improve the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in upper leaves,the rest of all treatments reduced the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in upper leaves.The biochar,high carbon base fertilizer,microbial fertilizer and their mutually combination could improve the content of kalium and chlorine of upper leaves,decrease the content of total nitrogen in upper leaves,which made the nitrogen alkali ratio decreased.Conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure could increase the total sugar,chlorine,sugar-alkali ratio and nitrogen-nicotine ratio,but decrease kalium-chlorine ratio,and showed no the effective of the quality in the lower leaf.4.The influence of the charcoal and different manure combinations on the mineral element of fluecured tobaccoThe content of macroelement such as potassium,calcium,magnesium,phosphorus in the up leaf were improved by 1.41% ~ 34.86%,2.91% ~ 20.75%,1.98% ~ 39.68% and 3.34% ~ 6.89% compare to the control.And the optimum treatment is conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure.However,the content of microelement such as natrium,boron,cuprum,iron,manganese and zinc in the up leaf were lower than the control,which respectively decreased by 49.59%,40.10%,54.75%,73.77% and 57.15%.The content of potassium,calcium and magnesium in the middle leaf were decreased,and the content of boron,cuprum and zinc in the middle leaf were highly improved by 5.17%,34.61% and 8.21% by conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure.The content of magnesium and phosphorus in the lower leaf were improved by conventional fertilization with high carbon base manure and bacterial manure,and the content of natrium,boron,cuprum,iron,manganese and zinc in the lower leaf were improved among all treatments.What’s more,the content of natrium and cuprum were improved most remarkably.5.The influence of the charcoal and different manure combinations on flue-cured the neutral aroma components of tobaccoBiochar could improve the total content of the degradation products of carotenoid,the products of browning reaction and Solanone in the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco and increased the content of neophytadiene and neutral neutral aroma substances in the middle leaf.High carbon base fertilizer could increase the degradation products of carotenoid,neophytadiene neutral neutral aroma substances in the upper leaf and increased the products of browning reaction,Solanone and the total content except the neophytadiene in the middle leaf.Microbial fertilizer enhanced the content of the products of browning reaction and Solanone in the upper leaf and improved Solanone,neophytadiene and the neutral aroma substances in the middle leaf.The combination of biochar and microbial fertilizer increased the Solanone in the upper and middle leaf and enhanced the products of browning reaction in the upper leaf and the content of Solanone in the middle leaf. |
