Research On Low Velocity Impact Performance Of Basalt Fiber Metal Laminate

In recent years,the lightweight technology of automobiles has been continuously developed.At present,the main way to achieve lightweight of automobiles is to use lightweight materials.As a new type of composite material,fiber composite material has been applied in many fields,such as aerospace,marine engineering,military industry and other fields.With the maturity and stability of fiber composite material manufacturing technology,the automotive field is gradually exploring and researching light materials.Fiber composite materials,and has made preliminary applications.However,at the same time of reducing the weight of the car,how to ensure its driving safety is also an important subject for research on the application of lightweight materials.Fiber metal laminates are made by bonding metal plates and fiber reinforced resin-based composite laminates together.It is made by pressing the pavement.Its performance includes the advantages of metal materials and fiber reinforced composite materials,and it is also an integration of multiple material properties.Fiber metal laminates have a stronger energy absorption effect than fiber composites;meanwhile,the specific strength and specific modulus of fiber metal laminates are higher than those of pure metal plates.Therefore,fiber metal laminates are more impact resistant and lighter.Quantification is sufficient to meet the performance requirements of the automotive field,and its application prospects in the automotive field are considerable.Basalt fiber is a natural and environmentally friendly high-performance fiber material.It has many excellent characteristics such as good mechanical properties,chemical stability,high temperature resistance,oxidation resistance,and low cost.Therefore,this paper combines the performance characteristics of basalt fiber composites and aluminum alloys,and usesbonding methods to prepare aluminum alloy thin plates and basalt fiber reinforced composites into basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminates,and studies its mechanics through a combination of experiment and simulation Performance,study the impact of basalt fiber layering sequence on the impact resistance of fiber metal laminates,and multi-objective optimization of the thickness distribution of metal laminates for impact resistance,and finally apply it to vehicle doors for feasibility analysis and verification Its effectiveness.The research contents of this article are as follows:(1)Preparation of basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminated plate and mechanical property test.Firstly,test samples of laminates were prepared.Two types of aluminum alloy plates were decontaminated,degreased,and deoxidized,and bonded to basalt fiber laminates to make basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminates with different lamination methods.In order to comparatively study the bending characteristics and impact resistance of each sample,three-point bending test and low-speed drop weight impact test were performed on all basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminated plate samples.(2)Establish a finite element model of basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminates and study the impact of fiber layup order on the impact resistance of laminates.The damage theory of composite materials is introduced,including the constitutive model of composite materials,the theory of damage in layers and the theory of damage between layers.Using the composite material damage initiation criterion based on the 3D-Hashin criterion,a material model subroutine was written,and the drop weight impact process was simulated in the finite element software.Comparing the simulation results with the test results,it was found that the two had better consistency.Performance,verify the accuracy of the composite model subroutine and the effectiveness of the simulation model.Four types of ply angles0 °,+ 45 °,90 °,and-45 °,which are commonly used in practical engineering,are selected.The fiber ply sequence of the fiber metal laminate of the 3/2 stacking method is designed to obtain 12 groups of fiber ply.Layer order combination.The simulation method was used to perform low-speed impact on 12 groups of laminated boards to obtain the 6th group of fiber laminates.The laminates with the highest energy absorption amount were used,and the laminates of this laminate sequence were used for subsequent multi-objective optimization.(3)Multi-objective optimization of metal layer thickness distribution of basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminate and its door application.The multi-objective optimization variables are the thickness of the upper,middle,and lower aluminum alloy panels.The optimization targets are the lower panel deflection,peak force,specific energy absorption,and thickness.The constraint is the specific energy absorption and deflection of the DP590 steel plate with a thickness of 1.0 mm and the laminate For the total thickness,an impact simulation model is established and multi-objective optimization is performed.The best aluminum alloy thickness distribution is 0.472 mm for the upper panel thickness,0.104 mm for the middle panel thickness,and 0.138 mm for the lower panel thickness.The approximate value of this solution is 0.47 mm for the upper panel thickness,0.10 mm for the middle panel thickness,and 0.14 mm for the lower panel thickness,and the laminate is subsequently applied to the door of automobile.(4)The optimized basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminate is applied to the front door of the automobile to perform side column collision simulation and comparison with all-steel doors.The results show that the door exterior is replaced with basalt fiber aluminum alloy laminate After that,the maximum intrusion amount and maximum intrusion speed of the door inner panel are reduced when the side pillars collide,indicating that the laminated panel has an effect of improving the safety and crashworthiness of the door and meets the requirements of automotive lightweight technology.