Research On The Impact Of High-speed Railway Construction On Provincial Economic Balanced Development From The Perspective Of Unbalanced Development

In recent years,China's transportation infrastructure investment has been increasing day by day,and the achievements of high-speed rail construction have been particularly noticeable.Since the first high-speed railway was put into operation in 2003,China has successively proposed "four vertical and four horizontal" and "eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway construction plans.In 2019,China's high-speed rail mileage has reached 35,000 kilometers.Based on the unbalanced development strategies such as the provincial capital growth pole and the provincial capital metropolitan area strategy,the construction of the provincial capitalcentric high-speed rail network is becoming the key direction of the current regional economic development,which has caused the fairness of economic development within the province to become a concern of the society and academia hot topic.This article takes six provinces in central China such as Anhui and Henan as research objects,and uses data from the China City Statistical Yearbook from 2000 to 2019 to select and collect provincial GDP,fiscal revenue,year-end financial institution savings,and yearend urban and rural residents Index data such as savings and population in various regions use Gini coefficient,coefficient of variation and other measurement indicators to study the empirical analysis of high-speed railway on the balanced development of provincial economies from an unbalanced perspective.The main research results are as follows:First,taking the high-speed railway opening and the provincial high-speed railway opening mileage as explanatory variables,through panel data model research,it was found that after controlling other variables,the economic development in the provincial area before the high-speed railway construction tended to be gradually balanced;and after the high-speed railway was opened,the province The economic development in the region is developing in an unbalanced direction.With the increase of high-speed rail mileage,this phenomenon of unbalanced development has gradually expanded.Secondly,the panel data model is used to further empirically analyze the impact mechanism of the high-speed rail opening on the balanced development of the provincial economy in the central region.The study found that after controlling other variables,the highspeed rail opening has a positive impact on the provincial capital cities,that is,after the highspeed rail opening,More resource elements began to flow from prefecture-level cities to provincial capital cities,resulting in the polar development of provincial capital cities within the provincial economy.The reason is that the opening of high-speed rail shortens the spacetime distance between prefecture-level cities and provincial capital cities,resulting in a large amount of talent funds flowing to provincial capital cities.However,relative to prefecture-level cities,among the six provinces in central China,prefecture-level cities in Anhui,Hunan,Henan,Jiangxi,and Shanxi found that they were negatively affected by the opening of highspeed rail through panel data model research.Among them,Shanxi is less affected.According to the number and mileage of high-speed railway construction,because there are only two railway lines in Shanxi,the development within the province tends to be less balanced.Among the six provinces,the only prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province are positively affected.The main factor that may cause this is that Hubei Province started earlier in making the provincial capital bigger,and its provincial capital cities have developed resources that have overflowed.On the one hand,the coverage of high-speed rail lines in Hubei Province is wide.Generally speaking,in the central region,the construction of high-speed railways has affected the development of the provincial economic balance to a certain extent.Based on the above analysis conclusions,this paper proposes corresponding policy revelations,in terms of high-speed railway construction,it should continue to improve the construction of high-speed rail networks around provincial capital cities and continue to develop the economic construction of central cities.Only after the construction of the central city can the development of surrounding prefecture-level cities be promoted.Although the economic development will be similar to Anhui and Henan provinces in the early stage of construction,resource elements will be siphoned by provincial capital cities.However,although the resource elements are siphoned,they are still within the province and have not flowed to mega cities outside the province.At a certain stage of development,like Hubei Province,there will be a phenomenon of the return of capital resources from provincial capitals to prefecture-level cities.Therefore,to continue to build a wider high-speed rail network around the provincial capital cities is still the main direction of the provincial economic development in the central region in the future.