Residents' Willingness To Participate In Green Infrastructure: Spatial Differences And Influence Factors In Shanghai,China

In the context of climate change and rapid urbanization,pluvial flooding has posed an increasing challenge for urban sustainability and residents' well-being.Nature-based solutions represented by green infrastructure(GI)to address the issues have been highlighted internationally in achieving ecosystem's flood regulation service.As a typical representative of the rapid development of coastal cities and urbanization,in order to solve urban problems and achieve the goal of resilient urban development,Shanghai has launched the construction of a "sponge city".And it has a certain research basis for the actual mitigation effect of green infrastructure on urban rainstorm and waterlogging and the hazard mechanism of urban rainstorm and waterlogging.However,residents,as private owners of community property,are also the concrete implementers of disaster mitigation policies and measures.Residents' participation is essential to the construction of green infrastructure.Resident behaviors and ideas can significantly affect the implementation and maintenance of green infrastructure,and the construction of green infrastructure also requires public financial support.At present,the research on the willingness of residents to participate in the implementation of green infrastructure is not deep enough,and the study of influencing factors is not much involved.Based on semi-structured interviews,GIS spatial analysis,and multiple regression,we investigated residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in public and private space and identified the influence factors,and the differences of residents' willingness to participate in green infrastructure implementation in two scenarios in Shanghai,China.The research content and main results are as follows:1.First,residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI is different between public and private space,and this discrepancy varies spatially.Compared with private space,residents prefer to implement GI in public space,where they have different preferences of GI measures.In private space,residents prefer roofgreening and rain barrels,while,in public space,residents prefer planting trees.Based on Kriging interpolation at township scale,in terms of urban scale,residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in private space is characterized as high in the inner city and low in the suburban areas,while the spatial difference is insignificant for public space.And residents' perception of pluvial flood risk characterized as lower in the inner city and higher in the outer areas.However,the spatial difference is insignificant for residents' cognition of GI,which stays low in general.2.Exploring the characteristics of residents(gender,house type,home ownership,etc.),cognition of GI and perception of pluvial flood risk,Fac_Technology(includes factors that consist of technology installation,trust,complicated operation,etc.),Fac_Support(includes factors that support GI implementation in technology,economic,policy,etc.)Fac_Limit(includes factors related to restrictive factors about the implementation of GI),Fac_Improve(includes factors that improve the physical personal space with GI measures technical factors),and geographical location variables how to influence residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the public and private space.On the scale of private space,the impact of free time and perception of pluvial flood risk on the residents' willingness to participation in GI of the private spaces is not stable.Gender,education level,and floor are significant factors affecting the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the private space.The relationship between male,floor and the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the private space is significantly negative,but education level is significantly positive.In addition,the cognition of GI is significantly positively related to the willingness of residents to participate in the implementation of GI.The higher the level of cognition of GI,the higher the willingness of residents to participate in the implementation of the GI in private spaces.Fac_Improve and Fac_Support are also affecting the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the private space.And geographical location is one of the factors that affect residents' participation level in the implementation of GI.Residents in the inner city have the highest willingness,suburban area is second,and outer suburban areas is third.On the scale of public space,free time,building age,cognition of GI and perception of pluvial flood risk,Fac_Support and Fac_Improve have influence onresidents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the public space,which are relatively stable.Among them,the relationship between free time,building age,cognition of GI and perception of pluvial flood risk and the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the public space are significantly positive.3.We studied the differences of residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the two scenarios.Firstly,when residents implement GI,the money to implementation GI need to pay by themselves.The level of residents' willingness to participate is moderate,and they choose to pay 100-300 yuan to implement GI implementation in every year.And the main factor affecting the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI are cognition of GI,Fac_Support and Fac_Improve.Secondly,the government will provide financial support,when residents implement GI.The residents have a high level of willingness to participate,and showed that when the government provides 300-500 yuan per year,the willingness to participate in the implementation GI is relatively strong,and the main factor affecting the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI are gender,cognition of GI and Fac_Improve.This paper contributes to the literature on residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI as it explores spatial differences and the influence factors of GI participation in public and private space.It has established a regression analysis model between private and public space and explanatory variables,and found the differences in the role of different explanatory variables.And verified the impact of geographical location on residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI.On this basis,this research also explored the residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in the two scenarios,and showed the influence factors and money support.However,the impact of residents' behavior and willingness to participate is more complicated,and further expansion of sample data and research area is needed for further research.Nevertheless,this research discussed the differences and influencing factors of residents' willingness to participate in the implementation of green GI,and also explored the willingness of residents in the two scenarios.It provides valuable information for policymakers implementing “Sponge Cities”.