Study On Optimization Of Passenger Flow Service Capacity At Urban Rail Transit Stations

Urban rail transit station is an important node of urban public transport system.With the large-scale construction and improvement of urban rail transit network,the passenger flow attracted by the metro system is gradually increasing.For the important stations in peak period,the imbalance between service capacity and passenger flow is becoming more and more serious.Based on the existing hardware facilities of the station,how to optimize the overall service capacity of the station is particularly important.This paper will conduct in-depth research from two aspects of facilities and inbound routes,systematically analyze the operation status of various facilities of passenger inbound routes,and formulate a reasonable and efficient passenger inbound streamline scheme.The main work of this paper includes the following aspects:(1)Analysis of facility characteristics and traffic capacityThe facilities in the metro station are divided into walking facilities and service facilities.By consulting the existing research and specifications,the calculation method of the transit time of the facilities under the free flow state is determined,and the capacity under the free flow state is obtained.Quantitative analysis of micro-behavior in the process of calculation makes the results closer to the actual situation.According to passengers experience of using various facilities,service level is classified.(2)Pedestrian Traffic Characteristic Analysis of Walking FacilitiesIn order to calculate the speed and time of passengers passing through traveling facilities(passageways and stairs)under different congestion conditions,the basic data of passengers walking along passageway and up and down stairs were investigated by field survey method.The relationship between traveling speed and density was fitted and analyzed,and the macroscopic characteristics of passenger flow were discussed.The results show that there is a linear relationship between the speed and density of passengers on the passageway and downstairs.In the process of descending stairs,the relationship between speed and density is quadratic function.Under the condition of known passenger inflow,the passenger density can be easily obtained,and then the average speed and passage time of pedestrians can be calculated.Passing time is the node impedance of walking facilities.(3)Analysis of passenger queuing characteristics in service facilitiesIn the process of passenger arrival,the queuing behavior at service facilities conforms to the standardized queuing problem.The security inspection facilities are regarded as a single service station M/D/1 queuing system,and the queuing process at the gate is regarded as a multi-service station M/D/c queuing system.The arrival time of passengers at peak or flat peak obeys Poisson distribution,and the arrival interval time obeys negative exponential distribution.The queue length and waiting time of passengers are calculated according to the model index formula.(4)Study on Optimization of passenger inflow allocationFacilities in urban rail transit stations are connected in series and parallel.The impedance-based facilities in stations are abstracted as nodes of network topology,and the interconnected facilities are connected by arcs,thus forming an abstract network of inbound streamlines for Metro stations.The objective function is to minimize the resistance impedance of the approach road.The passenger inflow streamline optimization model is established to optimize the passenger flow distribution.Finally,an example is given to verify that the model can significantly reduce the total passenger arrival cost.