Assessing The Indirect Energy Consumption And Indirect Rebound Effect Of Resident Sector

In the context of the global development of the low-carbon economy,residential energy use has become the focus of attention as the second largest energy consumption field.And,compared with residents’ direct energy consumption,residents’ indirect energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption.At present,energy conservation is mainly achieved through the improvement of energy efficiency technology.But because of the rebound effect,the effectiveness of energy conservation and emission reduction policy has been reduced.This paper first uses the consumer lifestyle analysis method to measure the China’s residents’ indirect energy consumption,analyzing the reasons for the difference in the indirect energy consumption produced by eight consumer expenditure activities,and studies the difference of the indirect energy consumption between urban and rural residents as well as the difference of the indirect consumption of different kinds of energy.However,under the background of residents’ dependence on indirect electricity consumption and the increase of indirect consumption of gasoline and natural gas,the possible rebound effect has a great influence on the energy saving performance.Therefore,this paper employs the energy input-output model and re-spending model to estimate the indirect rebound effect of residential energy consumption on electricity,gasoline and natural gas during 1997-2012,and analyzing the trend of it.Then the difference of indirect energy rebound effect between urban and rural residents is compared.Finally,the sensitivity analysis was used to explore the relationship between the direct energy rebound effect and the indirect energy rebound effect.The results show that,first,residents spend more indirect energy on food,housing and cultural and recreational services.In addition,the total indirect energy consumption of residents showed a fluctuating upward trend in 2002-2016.Second,the indirect energy consumption of urban and rural residents not only exists a gap in quantity,but also has a difference in the degree of indirect impact of various consumption activities on energy consumption.Third,indirect consumption of electricity by residents dominates,but the share decline slightly between 2002 and 2016.On the contrary,the proportion of indirect consumption of natural gas slightly increase,while the proportion ofindirect consumption of gasoline is relatively stable.Fourth,the indirect rebound effect of the three kinds of energy consumption are all less than 10%,and the indirect rebound value of residential electricity consumption is the largest,followed by gasoline and natural gas.In addition,under different distribution modes,the changing trends of the indirect rebound effect of the three kinds of energy consumption are different.Fifth,the indirect rebound effect of energy consumption of China’s urban residents is basically greater than that of rural residents,while the indirect rebound effect of residential electricity consumption is an exception under the situation of redistributed by income elasticity.Sixth,the indirect rebound effect of energy consumption are significantly different when the the money saved from efficiency improvements are redistributed to the sectors with the largest and the smallest backward linkage coefficient.In summary,in view of the research conclusions of this paper,we suggest that the government should focus on residents’ electricity consumption situation,continuing to implement the cascade electricity price system,increasing the disposable income of rural residents,and guiding residents to shift consumption to low energy intensity field.Thus,we can reduce the indirect rebound of household consumption and achieve the goal of low carbon development.