| Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and urban landscapes,as well as one of the main elements of urban construction.The rapid development of urbanization has caused a large number of environmental problems,which ultimately affect the sustainable development of the landscape.People's perception of environmental problems and landscape damage is firstly reflected in the visual impact.The visual quality assessment of landscapes is an important indicator of tourists'experience of the landscape and the degree of scenic beauty.It reflects the reasonable degree of park construction,development and management,and is an important factor influencing park development.This study combines the subjective questionnaire data with the actual data of objective GIS.On the subjective level,SBE method was used to obtain the subjective aesthetic preference of professionals and related people.On the objective level,the visual visibility,visual absorption and visual sensitivity of the landscape in Jinniu Mountain Comprehensive park were evaluated by using GIS related technologies.Based on the subjective and objective results,the importance-performance analysis(IPA)was used to construct the GIS objective evaluation-subjective preference model to grade the landscape visual quality of Jinniu Mountain.It is divided into the key areas of visual landscape,natural development area,sub-priority improvement area and priority improvement area,and according to the essential difference of its area,it provides targeted scientific advice for the protection and management of each landscape point.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)On the subjective level,SBE beauty assessment method was used to obtain the subjective preference data of 90 evaluators for the 11 scenic spots of Jinniu Mountain.The results show that the highest score for the beauty of the trail around the lake is 1.45,and the lowest for the circular trail is 0.74.The scores for the analysis of other landscape points are ranked from high to low: Huanhubudao(1.45)> Shanzhongchashi(1.34)> Fenglingta(1.14)> Guanjingtai(1.12)> Yueyaqiao(0.97)>Shuangyongdiaosu(0.95)> Liangcuting(0.91)> 817Jilianyuan(0.88)>Yinghuayuan(0.86)> Dujuangu(0.83)> Huanxingpodao(0.74);(2)On the objective level,using GIS-related technologies,three indicators of landscape visual visibility,visual absorption and visual sensitivity are selected for quantitative evaluation.Among them,visual visibility includes the area ratio of the sight area,the visibility of the viewpoint,and the continuity of sight.The four elements of visual absorption include slope,aspect,and undulation.Vegetation water richness,and visual sensitivity include four factors: relative distance, relative slope,visual probability,and eye-catching degree.The calculation was based on the corresponding weight of each index element,and the order of the results from high to low is: Fenglingta(3.1905)>Huanhubudao(3.1587)> Shanzhongchashi(3.1336)> Huanxingpodao(3.1073)> Yueyaqiao(2.8475)> Dujuangu(2.7676)> Yinghuayuan(2.5829)> Liangcuoting(2.4189)> Jingguantai(2.3258)>Shuangyongdiaosu(2.2492)> 817 Jilianyuan(2.1178);(3)Based on the results of subjective evaluation and objective evaluation,IPA was used to construct the objective evaluation-subjective preference matrix.The visual landscape of Jinniu Mountain was divided into key area,natural development area,sub-priority improvement area and priority improvement area.The visual landscape key area,including Shanzhongchashi,Huanxingbudao,Fenglingta,which have high visual quality and high subjective preference.Only observation platform with low objective evaluation and relatively high subjective;Liangcuting,Yinghuayuan,817 Jilianyuan,Shuangyongdiaosuuare located in the second-priority improvement area with low objective evaluation and subjective preference evaluation;3 scenic spots of Huanxingpodao,Dujuangu,Yueyaqiao are located in priority Improvement area. |
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