| Small towns,which are located at the end of the city and the head of the countryside,are the important platform and carrier for promoting the new urbanization and Rural Revitalization development strategy.Since the reform and opening up,the development of small towns has been paid more and more attention in the past 40 years,from the academic thinking of "small towns,big problems" to the national level establishment of "small towns,big strategies" to the working policy transformation of "coordinated development of large,medium and small cities and small towns".Since entering the new century,with the rapid growth of the number of small towns,problems such as low construction quality,blind comparison and expansion have gradually exposed.In order to improve the construction quality of small town development,the key development of small towns has gradually replaced the key development of small towns as the focus of the implementation of relevant policies.Some local governments have also launched the selection of key towns at the provincial and municipal levels.In this context,the Ministry of housing and urban rural development,together with six ministries and commissions,selected 1887 national key towns nationwide in 2004 and adjusted their number to 3675 in 2014.Since then,although some towns have been consolidated and adjusted,there are still 3674 national key towns that play an important role in the county’s socio-economic development,the demonstration pilot of building towns,and the cultivation of Characteristic Towns and small and medium-sized cities.In view of this,this paper takes the national key towns with wide distribution,many types of small town development and strong unity and authority in the selection as the research sample.First of all,using the nearest neighbor index,core density analysis,overlay analysis,buffer analysis and other methods to analyze the attribute characteristics,distribution characteristics and location characteristics of China’s key towns,and get their attribute types and distribution in different locations.Secondly,on the basis of considering the built-up area,town area and itsdevelopment in the county,the index system is constructed from three aspects of population,industry and urbanization,and the development quality of 3674 key towns is evaluated one by one by building coefficient matrix through PCA.Then,the location type,attribute type and development quality of China’s key towns are coupled,the development type identification mechanism of China’s key towns is constructed,and the target location and development type of each key town are divided and defined.Finally,the paper makes a theoretical analysis on the development path of key towns with different development goals,and explores the implementation of relevant paths and strategies based on typical cases to further expand the depth of research.Main conclusions include:(1)National Key Town cover the attribute characteristics of county,extra large town,characteristic town and pilot town,which can be divided into six attribute types: extra large type,compound type,pilot type,characteristic type,service type and common type.Among them,the first five attribute types of key towns have a certain initial advantage in development,and most of them are distributed in the eastern coastal areas,including the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations The highest degree of aggregation.However,the number of ordinary key towns without obvious development advantages in attributes is the largest and mainly distributed in the central and western inland areas,with the highest degree of aggregation in Sichuan Chongqing urban agglomeration and Central Plains urban agglomeration.(2)National key towns are distributed in three types of location: core area,transition area and edge area.The core area is a highly urbanized area,in which the key towns in China will gradually form an integrated development with the Central City metropolitan area.Transition area is the most important distribution area of key towns in China.Key towns in this type of area are more dependent on their own basic strength and characteristic resources for development.More than 1 / 4 of the ordinary key towns are lack of strength in attribute,but they have certain resource advantages in industry,transportation,tourism and other aspects,and their characteristic development potential can not be ignored.There are also many key towns in the fringe area.With the promotion of China’s opening-up and regional integration,these key towns will gradually become the support platform for regional exchanges and cooperation.(3)In general,the development quality of national key towns shows a spatial distribution pattern of "strong in the East and weak in the west",which is mainly caused by the large degree of differentiation of industrial agglomeration capacity in the eastern and western regions.From the attribute point of view,the development level of super large,compound and service-oriented key towns is generally high,among which the development quality of super large key towns is all advantages,and they have the strength to upgrade to small cities.In terms of distribution,high-quality gathering areas are mainly distributed in Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Jiaodong Peninsula,while the overall development level of key towns in Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomeration and Central Plains urban agglomeration needs to be further improved.From the perspective of location,the development quality of key towns in the core area is higher,while the development level of key towns in the transition area and the edge area needs to be further improved.(4)Based on the "location attribute quality" construction identification mechanism,six types of development of China’s key towns are finally obtained,which are urban integration type,regional growth pole type,comprehensive driving type,professional characteristic type,door type and general type.The key town of urban integration includes three target orientations:comprehensive new town,urban sub center and urban functional group.In the future,it will gradually develop into the functional form of the city and undertake various functions of the city.The development goal of the key town of regional growth pole type is small city.Its development planning should break the thinking mode of "town",and arrange the layout of facilities and land with the scale of small city or even small city.The key town of regional center type includes two kinds of target positioning: regional service center and County Comprehensive Center.In the future,it is necessary to further expand and improve the service scope and quality,and enhance the central level in the region.The key towns with professional characteristics should make use of their own resource advantages to carry out specialized and characteristic industrial development,and thus drive the "double upgrading" of living elements and ecological landscape.The key town of portal type includes three target orientations: gateway city,gateway hub town and inter provincial cooperation demonstration.In the future,it will rely on the marginal value-added benefits generated by ports and borders,and gradually develop from channel economy to hub economy and even comprehensive growth pole.General key towns need to further strengthen their own strength and give full play to the basic role of key towns. |
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