| With the continuous development of China’s aging process,the number of elderly people has increased sharply,and various types of elderly care facilities have begun to be built in various places.The acoustic environment is an important part of the physical environment of the building,which has an important impact on the psychological and physical comfort of the elderly.However,the rapid and large-scale construction makes it difficult for some of the elderly facilities to meet the needs of the elderly.The activity space is one of the important components of the old-age care facilities,and it is also the main place for the elderly to perform activities during the day.Studies have shown that playing suitable sound sources in the activity space can improve the subjective and objective comfort of the elderly.This article takes the activity space of elderly care facilities as the research object,through field investigation,questionnaire survey and physiological index test to study the impact of different background sound sources on the elderly in different activity states,and proposes solutions to existing problems.This article uses a variety of research methods.First,based on the theory of emotional dimension,a questionnaire based on indicators of emotional and acoustic environment evaluation was designed.Subsequently,research was conducted on 8 different types of elderly care facilities in Harbin and Hohhot,playing different background sound sources in different activity spaces and conducting questionnaire interviews.At the same time,the sound pressure level in the space is measured,and the gender,age,educational background,and professional experience of the elderly are also collected as differences between different individuals.Finally,the correlation analysis of subjective and objective data is carried out.Secondly,collect and play the sound environment of the active space under different background sound sources,and reproduce the elderly subjects.At the same time,physiological data such as electrocardiogram,electroencephalogram,skin conductivity,and body temperature are recorded using a physiological recorder.Then use statistical tools for analysis,including the change trend of physiological indicators over time,the change trend of different background sound source types,and the relationship between physiological indicators and subjective evaluation indicators.Through experimental research,it is found that,generally speaking,birdsong,piano music and Chinese folk songs have the greatest influence on the three emotional dimensions of pleasure,awakening and trouble.There is a significant positive correlation between bird song and quietness(r = 0.245,p <0.01),while Chinese folk songs have a significant positive correlation with the degree of influence on activities(r = 0.182,p <0.05).Bird song has the most obvious effect on the overall evaluation(R = 0.170,p <0.05).Old people with different activity types have different preferences for sound source types.The average sound pressure levels of table tennis,chess,billiards and meditation activities were 72.1 d BA,61.6 d BA,66.8 d BA and 56.1 d BA,respectively.Chinese folk songs have significantly improved the two emotional dimensions of table tennis activities and the overall evaluation of pleasure and annoyance;piano music and flowing water have no positive impact on the emotional and auditory environment assessment of chess and card activities;Have a positive impact.Piano music has a better influence on both pleasure and awakening and overall evaluation.The bird’s voice improves disturbance and restlessness better.In meditation activities,the sound of bird song has a positive effect on the sense of pleasure and disturbance,and the overall evaluation is also the best.In terms of individual differences,age was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of arousal(r =-0.184,p <0.05),and significantly positively correlated with the degree of quietness(r = 0.258,p <0.01).Different genders have little influence on the assessment of emotional and auditory environment.In terms of education,seniors with college education or higher are more likely to be noisy,and they also have the best evaluation of increasing background sound sources.The effects of different active sound environments and background sound sources on heart rate,R wave amplitude,heart rate variability,α brain wave,β brain wave,skin conductivity,and skin temperature generally have significant differences.Obvious changes can be generally observed after 60 seconds of playing the background sound source.During the experiment,the heart rate,R wave amplitude,and heart rate variability did not increase or decrease significantly with time;alpha brain waves,beta brain waves,and skin temperature increased;and skin conductivity decreased.The heart rate variability generally increases when playing background sound sources,while the background sound source interval decreases.The combination of a specific background sound source and active sound can cause an increase in skin conductivity.Factors such as age and gender can have an impact on changes in some physiological indicators.Combining the research results of two experiments on emotions and physiological indicators,analyzing the relationship between physiological indicators and emotions,it can be proposed that the type of background sound source improves the sound comfort of the elderly,and causes positive emotions such as pleasure.Wait for the conjecture.These conjectures need to be verified by further experiments in the future.Based on the above research results,playing a suitable background sound source in the activity space of the elderly care facility can help to enhance the positive emotions of the elderly,such as pleasure and awakening,suppress negative emotions such as annoyance,improve the acoustic environment evaluation,and further contribute to physical and mental health.For existing and newly-built elderly care facilities,this is a simple and useful way to improve the comfort of the elderly’s activity sound.This result can provide reference and help for the design of elderly care facilities. |
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