Research On The Spatial Form Of Gelao’s Traditional Rural Settlements In Northern Guizhou

The traditional rural settlement is the cradle of nourishing and nurturing our country’s living national culture gene,in which China’s brilliant farming culture is deeply cultivated.In the vast territory of our country,the natural geographical environment is changing,and the ethnic composition and culture are colorful,thus forming the scattered rural settlements with distinct characteristics.The undulating karst mountainous terrain and abundant natural resources in Northern Guizhou have laid a material foundation for the survival and development of Gelo in Northern Guizhou.Gelo people,as the "site owners" in the southwest,have formed a residential environment with the characteristics of karst mountain topography and ethnic characteristics under the unique regional environment in Northern Guizhou,which has become an important part of China’s residential culture.The traditional rural settlement of Gelo is the material carrier of the national culture and the wisdom crystallization of Gelo.It embodies the adaptability of the nationality to the natural environment,forms the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the nation in the transformation and utilization of nature,and integrates the customs,religious beliefs,aesthetic interests of Gelo.However,with the development of the times,globalization and rapid urbanization have had a tremendous impact on the Gelo community in Northern Guizhou.With the development of science and technology network,the trend of foreign culture has rapidly penetrated into the rural areas of Gelo.Various new building materials have emerged,and Gelo is unaware of the national cultural and artistic value contained in the traditional living environment.Under the comprehensive effect of the above factors,the traditional Gelo rural settlements gradually disintegrated and declined,the traditional residential buildings of the settlements were destroyed,and the spiritual and cultural space of the settlements gradually lost its vitality.In the newly-built Gelo rural settlements,the overall style of the settlement tends to be the same,blindly following the crowd,and the traditional residential culture cannot be inherited and developed.Based on the above problems,this paper takes the traditional rural settlements of Gelo in Northern Guizhou as the research object,hoping that through the research,it can summarize the general characteristics of the spatial form of the rural settlements of Gelo in this region and analyze its internal cultural essence.In this paper,the research on the spatial morphology of settlements mainly starts from the middle and micro levels,and introduces the quantitative research method,which combines quantitative and qualitative research methods.The research on the micro level of the settlement,that is,the settlement space is regarded as a whole,based on the natural geographical environment conditions,the historical development and changes of Gelo,cultural ideology,production mode,social environment and other aspects,sums up the general features of the traditional rural settlements of Gelo,such as the site selection,the spatial composition and structural features of the settlements,the plane shape of the settlements,and the structural features of the public space of the settlements.It is concluded that the plane form of Gelao’s traditional rural settlements in northern Guizhou is mainly characterized by finger like and banded tendency,but the banded feature shows no obvious spatial form feature under the influence of finger like feature;the degree of settlement structure is not too high or too low,tends to an intermediate level;the spatial structure layout of settlement production space dominates the settlement,etc.The study of micro level is the study of the space form of courtyard.This paper makes a detailed analysis of the elements,functions,space enclosing methods,plane forms,space composition and the combination with the terrain of the courtyard space,and summarizes its general characteristics.There are four ways to limit the courtyard space: building enclosure,building and wall enclosure,building and plant enclosure,building and using the height difference of the terrain;four kinds of forms of traditional residential courtyard space in the north of Guizhou are "one type","L type","concave type" and "mouth type" And "One type" and "L type" are the main ones.The plane form of courtyard space is mainly affected by the topographical conditions,family population and economic conditions,and the colorful national culture of Gelao nationality is mainly reflected in the courtyard of folk houses.The decoration and construction materials of folk houses reflect the spirit pursuit,national belief and aesthetic taste of Gelao people.