| At present,we are facing a series of problems such as food,environment and the reduction of ecological diversity around the world.The tension between human and nature force us to consider the issue of sustainable development.In 1992,cultural landscape was included in the world heritage project,and rural landscape was included as its sub-content.Cultural landscapes emphasize the interaction between man and nature.Under this concept,ICOMOS-IFLA principles concerning rural landscapes as heritage seek to discover the secrets of rural sustainability.Starting from this human community which is closest to nature,we are striving for the harmony between man and nature.At the end of 2017,the document was adopted,which gave Principles including definition,importance,threats,and Action Criteria of rural landscapes as heritage.However,the definition and content of rural landscape heritage are very broad.Therefore,it is necessary for different countries to interpret and specify the contents of protection according to their national conditions.Through the study of the historical trace of rural protection and landscape protection,the analysis of the definition of rural landscape in the document,the comprehension of the connection and difference between rural landscape,cultural landscape and rural heritage,this paper finally determines that the rural landscape heritage is a kind of sustainable landscape formed under the joint action of man and nature emphasized by the cultural landscape heritage.It is based on the productive economy,including the related infrastructure construction,the natural landscape environment and the landscape content with rural characteristics in the rural settlements.Rural landscape heritage is a material heritage,which includes three parts:rural natural landscape,productive landscape and rural settlement landscape.Under each part,it also contains a variety of specific contents.The rural natural landscape is dominated by mountains,water and vegetation,with the remains built by human activities.They are the basic environment of the productive landscape and the source of human spirit and cultural creation.The productive landscape involves productive land itself and related infrastructure construction,such as water conservancy system and ancient post road.The rural settlement landscape includes buildings,streets,public Spaces,and rural vegetation.Taking Kouhou area in Zhaoyuan city as an example,the rural natural landscape heritage consists of landscapes such as Zaoyang mountain and Meixiu mountain on the east and west sides,Wangfu stone and Duo stone,as well as Weizi wall and Yaowang temple and so on.The productive landscape is dominated by orchards,stone weir terraces,reservoirs and canals,and ancient persimmon trees or persimmon forests.The rural settlement landscape is dominated by the traditional architectural landscape made of local yellow and red stones and granite,,traditional street and alley landscape and rural public space landscape,forming a unique rural landscape with Jiaodong characteristics.Finally,based on the experience of other regions and in combination with the policies,laws and cultural backgrounds in China,this paper provides overall suggestions for the protection of rural landscape heritage in Kouhou area,and proposes improvement measures for the existing problems in the area.Rural landscape heritage involves many aspects of the local society,so the efforts of the government and scholars alone are not enough to support the protection and development of the whole landscape.Its protection must be under the support of national policies and laws to mobilize the enthusiasm of residents,conduct universal education for villagers,establish the villager organization,and coordinate social resources with the help of volunteers and other social forces.On the basis of deeply understanding the value of local rural landscape heritage,we should protect the rural landscape,find the way of rural development,and work together to continue and create a beautiful rural community. |
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