Research On Shi's Courtyard In Fenxi County Of Shanxi Province

This thesis takes as the research subject Shi's courtyard that is located in mountainous area of south Shanxi province---as the research object with theories and methods related to folklore,sociology,architecture,cultural anthropology and other related disciplines.it makes a systematic analysis and textual research.As an important part of Chinese traditional architecture,Chinese traditional dwellings embody the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese nation in the construction of their homeland,give expression to the worship of Chinese traditional culture,and intuitively extend the value criteria,ideology and aesthetic pursuit of Chinese traditional culture.The representative of courtyard dwellings in traditional Chinese folk dwellings is Shanxi folk dwellings and southern Anhui folk dwellings,which have always been known as "northern Shanxi,southern Anhui".During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the rise of the Shanxi merchants who lived deep in the inland areas,under the influence of the traditional Chinese ethical and cultural thoughts,integrated the traditional Chinese geomantic omen concept,formed the residential form of harmony and unity between man and nature,and contributed to the formation of a large number of Shanxi merchants' courtyards.The reason why the writer chooses Shi's courtyard is that it is one of the representatives of Shanxi merchant's courtyards in the south of ShanxiProvince.At the same time,Shi's courtyard is different from the traditional castle-style courtyards of Shanxi merchants,and is the essence of the unique traditional cave dwelling in the loess plateau region,featuring the cultural personality of the mountain dwelling of Shanxi merchants.This thesis seeks to analyze courtyard ecological environment from the natural and social perspective of Shijiagou village.Firstly,The Shi's lineage,as a feudal Confucian merchant with the combination of official and business,evolved from a traditional farming family to a feudal official family,which created a material foundation and political guarantee for the construction of the courtyard of the Shi family.The shi's patriarchal lineage keeps the prosperity and develoent of its grand family with the core of Confucian ethicsand the family management philosophy of “Cultivation and read to bequeath to the family”?Secondly,Its idea of patriarchal etiquette influences the living form of the courtyard.In the vertical direction,five level courtyards are formed in hierarchical order of seniority in the family.In the horizontal direction,it forms a combination of three courtyards centering on the compound "blessed land".The traditional carving and decoration art in the courtyard and the culture of horizontal inscribed board convey the cultural taste of the Shi's lineage.Thirdly,this thesis also discusses the collective settlement activities of the Shi's courtyard and shows the concrete structure of the public space of the Shi's courtyard and the functions of politics,entertainment,transportation and faith.The Shi's courtyard,in the form of material remains,displays the traditional Chinese ethical culture,the patriarchal etiquette,and the historical memory of the village.It is the representative of lineagesman of north China that builds geographical relationship with blood relationship as bond,and it has the unique cultural symbol meaning.