| Mine wasteland is a site that collects cultural memory and material resources in the past times.The industrial and mining landscape left behind not only has precious historical value,but also has practical significance of realizing more landscape value after ecological restoration.In recent years,under the proposal of the 19 th National Congress of Ecological Civilization and dual urban restoration,ecological restoration and planning and construction of abandoned mine lands have gradually been put on the agenda,which is of epoch-making significance for shaping urban ecological civilization and building lucid water and lush mountains.The planning and utilization of mine wasteland in China has gone through many stages,such as agricultural reclamation,forestry greening,park planning,etc.Ecological planning and design of mine abandoned land park is a landscape planning mode that the ecological restoration and landscape planning methods are comprehensively used to repair and transform mine abandoned land in the base of mine abandoned land.The advantages of the planning and design of the mine wasteland in the past are summarized in this paper,which is of great significance to protect the environment of the ecologically fragile mining area,integrate the modern landscape and construct a new human settlement environment.Through literature review,this paper analyzes the research background of ecological planning of mine wasteland in China,sorts out the types and characteristics of mine wasteland,ecological environment,site application and other issues,analyzes the theoretical support of landscape ecology,landscape ecological planning and design related theories to the transformation of mine wasteland,and compares and summarizes the domestic and foreign historical development process of ecological planning and design of mine wasteland.Cases of mine wasteland restoration and reconstruction under different modes,such as Tangshan South Lake Park,Shaoxing East Lake Scenic Area,Hangzhou Liangzhu Mine Exploration Park and Jinan Woniushan Geopark,were investigated on the spot.The ecological restoration technology,plant application configuration,characteristic landscape construction,cultural theme expression and other different emphases were analyzed and summarized.The theory and technical methods of ecological planning and design of mine abandoned land are combed,and a systematic design method for ecological planning of mine wastes,damaged mountains,abandoned mines and plants is formed.The design objectives of ecosystem restoration and landscape system planning are defined,and five guiding principles of ecological planning and design are put forward for the planning objectives,including landscape remodeling,habitat protection,ecological planning,mining area characteristics and humanistic care.According to the site conditions around Muyu Stone Park in Changqing City,Jinan City,the advantages and disadvantages of the mining area are classified and summarized in combination with the natural geography,ecological geology and human resources.Four landscape ecological theme plates,namely ecological landscape of mining wasteland,Muyu Stone cultural landscape,agricultural and forestry pastoral landscape and mountain forest plant landscape,are formed through comprehensive planning.According to the standard principles of the planning and design of the mine wasteland park,the current situation of the mine and the planning and design requirements of the park,this park is planned to form a "one-ring,six-zone and multi-point" landscape spatial layout,forming six zones of platform landscape area,mountain stream green field area,sports exploration area,pastoral landscape area,tea field brook area and entrance landscape area.More than 40 scenic spots are planned in the area,including the Taitian landscape,waterfallfacing screen,mine secret border,Lin Yuan mu mesons overlooking,Ying Yan He Ming,the slope of the brave,tea garden secret border,starry sky camping base,greenhouse science and technology museum,Sandy Huatian,etc.Using the theory and technical methods of landscape architecture planning and design,the vertical terrain of Muyu Stone Park is designed regionally and functionally to meet the needs of landscape utilization and space arrangement.Habitat management and landscape beautification shall be carried out on plant matching,fragile vegetation environment shall be maintained,and various plant landscapes created;Road system planning focuses on achieving space accessibility,safety and mobility of space.Special plans are made for park buildings and public facilities.A Muyu Stone Mine Park with ecological characteristics has been built to meet the needs of various activities such as ecological science popularization,cultural education,entertainment and leisure,and experience in agriculture and forestry.It has promoted the transformation of ecological functions of mine wasteland and created a better living environment. |
