Study On Quantitative Assessment Of Crowd Risk And Space Optimization Strategy In Urban Public Space

In the context of “leisure age”,tourism and leisure activities have shown a trend of normalization and popularization,and the scale of urban public space crowds has expanded dramatically.In addition,the frequency of crowded stamped accidents is increasing year by year,and the safety of crowd gathering in urban public space is urgent.In order to reduce the occurrence of crowd stampede accidents,it is necessary to increase the spatial intervention and risk prevention of the risk points of crowd gathering in public space.At home and abroad,the research on crowd gathering risk is more focused on social management disciplines and safety disciplines.In order to find a suitable risk assessment and prevention method for landscape approach,this paper comprehensively considers “crowd factor” and “spatial factor”,establishes quantitative assessment of urban public space crowd gathering risk and screening of key points of risk,and deeply analyzes crowd behavior and space environment.The interaction between the two proposes a spatial optimization strategy to prevent and reduce the crowding of public spaces and the occurrence of stampede accidents.In order to realize the quantitative evaluation of the risk of crowd gathering in public space and its spatial optimization strategy research,This paper establishes a technical route consisting of three steps: “risk assessment-risk analysis-risk intervention”.Firstly,based on the literature review method to summarize the relevant basic theoretical research,this paper establishes a quantitative evaluation model for crowded risk of network-based public space.Then,taking Chongqing Zoo as an example,using this kind of evaluation model,from the macro to the micro scale,through the GPS tracking method,space syntax,observation measurement method,field mapping method to obtain the crowd and spatial data,Then,crowd massing risk in its public space is evaluated and potential risk points and risk key points are gradually selected.Finally,based on the results of risk assessment,the relationship between the crowd and the space at the site risk points is analyzed,the current situation of the site is explored,and the space optimization strategy is proposed.The full text is divided into four parts to explore the quantitative assessment and spatial optimization strategies of crowding risk in urban public space:In the first part,based on the research background of the rapid expansion of crowds and the frequent occurrence of crowded stampede accidents in urban public space,this paper summarizes the research on crowded stampede accidents and crowed massing risk assessment methods at home and abroad,and then proposes that establishing appropriate risk assessment and prevention methods for landscape pathways under the comprehensive consideration of population factors and spatial factors is an important approach to reduce urban management costs and decrease public safety accidents.Finally,the research framework and technical route of the thesis are reviewed.The second part is to construct a comprehensive quantitative evaluation model for crowd massing risk in public space.The model is divided into two parts: macro quantitative comprehensive assessment methods and micro fuzzy comprehensive assessment methods.On the macro scale,through GPS tracking method and space syntax,this paper selects two indicators: node access frequency and node local integration degree,to evaluate the crowd massing risk of public space and screen potential risk points.After then,by the observation measurement method and the field mapping method,this paper selects four indicators: population density,population concentration,crowd conflict and space risk to further risk assessment,and finally select the key points of risk.In the third part,using the quantitative assessment method of public space crowd gathering risk constructed in the previous section,the Chongqing Zoo is taken as an example for empirical research.On the macro scale,this paper uses GPS tracking method and space syntax to collect the population trajectory data and spatial shape data of the site respectively,and then calculate the access frequency value and spatial local integration degree value of each node in the site,and grasp the site from the whole.The population distribution and spatial structure characteristics were evaluated and the potential risk points of the site were selected.Then,on the micro scale,through the observation measurement method and the field mapping method,the population activity data and the space facility data of the potential risk points are further collected,and then the population density,population concentration degree of each potential risk point of the site are calculated respectively.The number of people's conflicts and spatial hazard values are finally evaluated to screen out the key points of the risk.Finally,the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through comparative analysis and comprehensive analysis.In the fourth part,based on the results of risk assessment,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the crowded behavior and the characteristics of the space environment and their relationship,and then explores the current situation of the site,and proposes four spatial optimization strategies from the perspective of crowd gathering security design.Including: upgrading road planning,increasing the environmental capacity of the park;improving the landscape structure,reducing the size of crowd gathering;improving the guidance system,improving the evacuation efficiency of the crowd;optimizing the site design and reducing the spatial factor.In the fifth part,the paper summarizes the process of risk assessment and spatial optimization design research in public space crowds,points out the limitations of the research,and elaborates on the follow-up research.