| The shortage of water resources has become increasingly prominent.In order to meet agricultural water use,a large number of rainwater storage projects have been built in various places,and the amount of water stored in the rainy season has been utilized to alleviate the shortage of agricultural water in the dry season.In the hilly and hilly areas,it is difficult to build large-scale water storage projects due to the constraints of topographic conditions.Small-scale water storage projects are particularly important.Compared with the backbone water conservancy project,the small rainwater storage project has the characteristics of less investment,quick effect,flexible form and convenient water intake.With the popularization of modern measurement andmapping technology and computer technology,the application of terrain analysis and hydrological model analysis to the planning and design of small-scale water storage projects can further explore and analyze small-scale water storage projects.According to the different requirements of different areas and specific requirements for small-scale water storage projects,selecting a reasonable water storage project and optimizing the project configuration will promote the optimal control of farmland water demand and achieve efficient use of water resources.This study selected three species of hills in the village of Juxing,Guandu Town,northeast of Hechuan District,Chongqing,Zhangban Village,Chongzhen Town,northwestern Anhui Province,and Yujia Town(Shaojia,Zhanghe and Tongxin Villages)in Wanzhou District.The landform type plot area was studied.Based on the current land use data and topographic data of 1:2000 in Juxing Village,Guandu Town,Hechuan District,Chongqing City,the paper analyzes the site selection of the Juxing Village reservoir in Guandu Town,northeast of Hechuan District by means of ArcGIS.The pool site is optimized,and the 200m3 reservoir is designed synchronously.Then,taking the three hilly landforms in Chongqing as an example,using the data of terrain,land use and meteorology of the study area,Shanpingtang is extracted with the support of ArcGIS software.The main distribution characteristics information,analysis of the spatial distribution and hydrological characteristics of Shanpingtang,and quantitative research on the utility of Shanpingtang in the utilization of small-scale water and soil resources with the goal of farmland irrigation in the catchment area,on the basis of which the hilly area is explored.The water supply capacity of the pond;based on the 1:2000 topographic data and the current land use data,the ArcGIS is used to extract the elements of the paddy field,and based on the database of the plot field,the spatial feature of the field is selected.The linear weighted comprehensive evaluation model is used to comprehensively evaluate the potential of paddy field scale.Finally,based on the current characteristics of small water storage projects in three research areas.Layout and design.The research results are as follows:(1)This paper uses ArcGis software spatial analysis tool and water balance principle to take the catchment area as the research unit to meet the crop irrigation and save water irrigation cost in the catchment area as the main target,with slope and residential area,industrial and mining The distance is an auxiliary constraint,and the location of the 200m3 reservoir that meets the above constraints is screened out.At the same time,according to the requirements of modern agricultural industry for irrigation water,the reservoir was designed.The main conclusions are as follows: 65 locations of suitable 200m3 reservoirs in the study area are obtained through analysis.The average catchment area of the new reservoir is 0.31hm2,which can prevent the occurrence of serious overflow or capacity idleness after the completion of the project;The average elevation of the pool site is 272 m,which can self-flow irrigation of nearly 50% of the farmland in the basin,indicating that this method has certain economic practicability.This site selection method can also be used to guide the location of other types of reservoirs and other types of rainwater harvesting projects in the hilly area.(2)This paper abstracts Shanpingtang as a point,and explores the relationship between the topographic index of the location and the storage capacity of Shanpingtang,which has a certain error,so the use of 1:2000 land use status data and topographic data The position of Shanpingtang and its topographic index are accurately calibrated,and the fitting function map is drawn to reflect the change of water storage capacity of Shanpingtang.The topographical condition of Shanpingtang is an important factor affecting the size of Shanpingtang in the hilly area.There is a significant positive correlation between the topographic index and the size of Shanpingtang,that is,the size of Shanpingtang and the upstream catchment area under the same topography.It is closely related to the slope of the terrain.The results show that the functional mapping relationship between Shanpingtang topographic index and water storage capacity is nonlinear,and the specific performance is close to the exponential function.The main factor in the change of the number and capacity of Shanpingtang is the human production activity caused by farmland irrigation.The root cause of the influence of Shanpingtang is the regional farmland irrigation water demand,and the farmland irrigation water demand is subject to topographic conditions and climatic factors.Under the influence of natural factors,these natural factors can indirectly affect the quantity and capacity of Shanpingtang.(3)Paddy field spatial pattern index and topographic factor can effectively evaluate the potential of paddy field scale.The combination of spatial pattern and topographical condition of paddy field is the main influencing factor of the scaled potential of paddy field.The potential of paddy field in different terrain areas has great difference.The potential of paddy field in flat area is much higher than that in mountainous area.The paddy field scale potential index of Weinan County with a relatively flat terrain is 0.90,the scale of the paddy field in the typical karst mountainous area with complex terrain is 0.62,and the scale of the paddy field in Wanzhou District is very complicated.0.33,from which the potential for scale of paddy fields is Grade 2,Grade 3 and Grade 5 respectively.The difficulty level of scale of paddy fields is attributed to the scale of easy scale,difficult scale,difficult scale,and three types of landforms.The potential for paddy field scale under the conditions is obviously different.Among the scaled potential evaluation factors of paddy fields,topographic factors have the greatest impact on the evaluation results,especially the flat terrain(slope less than 5°)area scale factor(S1)has the greatest impact,its weight is up to 0.36,topographic factors and paddy field landscape The degree and concentration index have a very close relationship,which indicates that the topographic factor has a significant control effect on the spatial distribution pattern of paddy fields,and plays a vital role in the scale potential of paddy fields.The land plaque geometry factor has the lowest degree of influence,and its weight is only 0.02,which reflects that when the paddy field reaches a certain area,the plaque geometry has little effect on the scaled potential of the paddy field.(4)After analyzing the status of the composite system of the sample villages in the three study areas,it can be found that from the low hills to the mid-hills to the deep hills,the per capita land use level is presented in Zhangnan Village,Hechuan Juhe Village,Yujia Town,Wanzhou.At the same time,the proportion of farmland sloping land in various villages is also shown in the proportion of Zhangjia Yucun Village,Hechuan Juxing Village,Wanzhou Yujia Town.The optimization of the Shanping Pond and the reservoir by the "Reservoir-Shanpingtang-Shuitian" composite system is mainly to select the site and timely maintenance of the best location,and to carry out synchronous design;"Reservoir-Shanpingtang The optimization of the paddy field in the-Shuitian complex system mainly adopts two methods: field merging and strip field remediation.In the optimization method,the merging of the fields is mainly through the merging of small fields,irregular fields and field ridges in the same plane to reduce the land occupation of the field,increase the effective arable land area,and improve the utilization rate of arable land;The construction of community identification-specification determination-the design of the Candigou Road-the planning of the field planning is completed.The optimization of the composite system of the small-scale water storage project in the hilly area of Chongqing has changed the quantity,quality and network structure of the water storage project to varying degrees,enhanced the water storage capacity of the water storage project,and improved the utilization efficiency of the water storage irrigation water source.In summary,through the planning and design analysis of the small-scale water storage project in the research area of three landform types in the hilly area of Chongqing,the network structure of the small-scale water storage project in the three research areas has been further improved.In addition,it not only enhances the water storage capacity of small-scale water storage projects in the sample area of the study area,but also enhances the utilization rate of water and soil resources in the study area,effectively reduces the degree of soil erosion,improves the agricultural environment climate,and promotes the optimization of the ecological environment..The method and conclusion of reservoir selection can guide the site selection of different specifications of reservoirs in the planning stage of land consolidation projects in hilly areas,and can also provide reference for the selection of other rainwater storage projects;the characteristics and influence factors of Shanpingtang,It can provide theoretical basis for small water source project remediation measures such as Shanpingtang;it can increase the paddy area by carrying out the field consolidation of small fields in the paddy field,standardizing and reducing the amount of land occupied by the field,and also can be used for mechanized production in the future.The foundation,while newly repairing paddy fields,improves the drought resistance of summer drought conditions.The optimized layout and design of the ?reservoir-shanpingtang-shuitian? composite system meets the micro-topographic characteristics and moderate scale operation requirements of hilly mountainous areas,which can effectively control the problem of farmland fragmentation in hilly and mountainous areas,and meet the requirements of agricultural mechanization and large-scale production.Optimize the spatial layout of farmland water conservancy facilities,and form an agricultural irrigation and drainage system with less investment,quick effect,flexible form,convenient water intake and high irrigation guarantee rate;solve the mechanization,scale and industrialization of agricultural production under the background of rugged landforms in hilly and mountainous areas problem. |
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