Study On The Impact Of Urban Built Environment On Rail Transit Passenger Flow

Strengthening urban public transportation is one of the effective ways to alleviate traffic congestion and environmental pollution caused by automobiles.To this end,China's megacities have been building rail transit and implementing transit-oriented development(TOD)around rail transit stations to ensure station passenger volume.This paper is aimed at empirically examining the effect of the built environment of rail service coverage on the passenger flow characteristics,and provide reference for the development of transit-oriented development in the service area of the station.Use integrated circuit(IC)card data on metro passenger volumes to get the distribution of passenger volume between rail transit stations,and analyze the travel behavior by rail transit.Using POI data to represent the attributes of the built environment of rail service coverage,establish land use indicators,transport infrastructure indicators and accessibility evaluation indicators.Metro Station passenger flow data has spatial characteristics,and there are significant differences in the distribution of different regions,and there is spatial correlation between station passenger flow.In order to take this spatial heterogeneity and spatial correlation into account,and to obtain the validity results of evaluating the influence factors of rail transit station level,this paper uses the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model and the spatial autoregression(SAC)model,taking 121 metro stations in Shenzhen as the research object,to analyze the impact of built environmental attributes on the passenger flow characteristics of rail transit.Before the establishment of the model,the normality of dependent variables and the multi-collinearity of independent variables are tested,and the multi-collinearity of environmental variables is excluded by the extraction of principal component analysis.The dependent variable is determined to be the variable related to the passenger flow of rail transit,and the independent variable is the variable related to the built environment attribute.Then,using general regression analysis,key independent variables are selected and entered into the GWR model to analyze the spatial inherent law of the impact of built environment on all-day passenger flow and commuter passenger flow.Then,the key independent variables are selected by general regression analysis,and put them into the GWR model to analyze the spatial inherent law of the impact of built environment on all-day passenger flow and commuter passenger flow.Using SAC model,considering the spatial lag of station passenger flow,the significant variables affecting the passenger flow of rail transit are determined,and the station service radius which is most suitable for the estimating of rail ridership levels is determined.The results of this study confirm: the distribution of jobs in Shenzhen city central district is the most intensive,and the distribution of residential facilities in the development area is more intensive than other facilities,separation of occupation and residence is serious;the built environment of the service radius of the 800-meter rail transit station is most suitable for analyzing the passenger flow of rail transit;different built environmental attribute variables have different impacts on passenger traffic at different subway stations.Therefore,different TOD measures should be adopted according to specific geographical locations;the distribution of commuting passenger flow and all-day passenger flow are different,and they are affected differently by the built environment;reasonable planning and development of land use patterns in residential and working areas is necessary.The research results of this paper provide reference for urban planners to determine the land development model that is beneficial to balance passenger flow and improve rail transit efficiency,and provide reference for traffic managers to allocate limited resources to deploy public transport services.