Research Of The American Architects’ Medical Architecture Design In Modern China

Hospital buildings are public buildings for medical treatment and nursing of patients.The origin and development of western hospitals are closely related to religion.Before the Middle Ages,hospitals mainly existed in the form of temples.In the Middle Ages,hospitals mainly existed in monasteries.After the Middle Ages,Protestantism rose,hospitals in monasteries were impacted and secular hospitals developed.From the 18 th century to the first half of the 19 th century,hospitals developed into centers of medical technology,and their architectural functions gradually improved.Traditional Chinese hospitals are quite different from modern western hospitals.The development of Western medical hospitals in China was based on the "transplantation" of Western experience.The designers of hospitals were mainly western medical missionaries and foreign architects.Since the 19 th century,with the development of western missionary activities in China,a large number of Western medical hospitals have been established in China.This type of building has been introduced into China.The development of Western medical system and medical technology has played a decisive role in promoting the transformation of traditional Chinese medical spatial pattern and doctor-patient relationship,and has promoted the construction of modern western medical hospitals in China.The American medical missionaries played an important role in the process of introducing western medical hospital architecture into China.Later American architects’ involvement promoted the specialization of hospital architecture design in modern China.Through collecting and sorting out a large number of modern hospital building cases designed by American medical missionaries and architects,based on a large number of first-hand information and taking the main body of hospital architectural design as the breakthrough point,this paper explores the characteristics of hospital architectural design in two periods with American medical missionaries and architects as the main body of design,focusing on the location,overall layout and plane functional space of hospital buildings.Analysis of characteristics,architectural style and construction technology and equipment.This paper reviews the history of missionary medicine in the United States and the introduction of Western-style hospitals,and probes deeply into the architectural design ofAmerican medical missionaries and early missionary hospitals,the involvement of American architects,the specialization of hospital buildings and the architectural style of hospitals.This paper clarifies many historical facts of American architects’ development of modern hospital architecture in China,and their contributions to the development of Chinese hospital architecture.