Study On The Morphological Types And Spatial Structural Characteristics Of Rural Settlements In Jianghan Plain

Under the background of the National Rural Revitalization Strategy and the re form of land spatial planning,the village space is an important component of the spatial planning system,and the recognition of its residential morphology and struct ure is the premise of realizing the transformation and reconstruction of rural settle ments.At present,there is a relative lack of research on the spatial form and stru cture of rural settlements in China's rural planning research.The only research focu ses on the "Yangtze River Delta","Pearl River Delta" and other developed areas.The research in the central and western regions is insufficient,and regional researc h is unbalanced.Therefore,this paper takes 9 counties and cities in Jianghan Plain as an example to study the morphological types and spatial structure of rural settl ements,to provide theoretical guidance for the transformation and reconstruction of rural settlements construction,and to provide a practical basis for the optimization of rural regional spatial pattern.This paper combs the origin and development of theories such as urban morp hology and urban system planning,and the relationship between rural residential m orphology,uses statistical data and spatial data to analyze the characteristics of pop ulation,economy and land use in Jianghan Plain,constructs the classification syste m of rural settlement morphology types by exploratory spatial analysis and cluster analysis,and constructs it with the help of fractal and morphological methods.The research content of rural spatial structure system construction.In the first part,the characteristics of population,economy and land use of ru ral settlements in Jianghan Plain are analyzed.In this paper,the rural settlements i n the Jianghan Plain,which are within the boundaries of administrative divisions o f 9 counties and cities,including Public Security County,Honghu City,Jianli Coun ty,Jiangling County,Songzi City,Shishou City,Tianmen City,Xiantao City,and Q ianjiang City,are studied.Based on the statistical yearbook data and land spatial d ata,the characteristics of population and urbanization,economy and industry,land use structure of rural settlements in Jianghan Plain are studied and analyzed.The second part constructs the measurement system of rural settlement morphological types and divides the rural settlement morphological types in Jianghan Plain.Firstly,the agglomeration patterns and scale patterns of rural settlements in Jiangh an Plain are measured.Agglomeration pattern is an index reflecting the spatial dist ribution of residential areas.This paper measures the spatial distribution pattern of residential areas and the distribution characteristics of residential areas and populati on density.The spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in Jianghan Plain w as measured by means of ANN,Getis-Ord General G and Gets-Ord*.The density characteristics of population distribution were measured by statistical analysis and n uclear density analysis.Scale form is an index reflecting the characteristics of resid ential areas.This paper measures the size of residential areas,the complexity of sh ape and the distance between adjacent elements.With the help of ArcGIS 10.2 and SPSS software,visualization of residential area distribution and statistics of reside ntial area frequency histogram reflect the size characteristics of rural residential are as;use landscape shape index to measure the complexity of residential morphology;use neighborhood distance analysis and correlation analysis to measure the distanc e between neighboring cities,waters and roads.Then,collecting the aggregation m odel and scale morphological index,four typical morphological types and their spat ial distribution of rural settlements in Jianghan Plain are obtained by spatial cluster ing method.The third part explores the structural characteristics of typical villages and tow ns in Jianghan Plain.Firstly,referring to the relevant content of urban system plan ning,the research content of rural system structure is determined from two aspects:rural functional relationship and spatial structure of place.Then,from the four typ ical morphological types of Jianghan Plain,Yanglin Town of Songzi City,Fozishan Town of Tianmen City,Zhanggou Town of Xiantao City and Jiazhuyuan Town of Gongan County were selected to study their population size,functional types,and spatial structure.This paper uses fractal dimension to measure the balanced charact eristics of population distribution in villages and towns,analyses the index paramet ers of village scale,economy and ecology,and uses centrality intensity index to di vide village hierarchical structure into three categories: central village,characteristic village and general village.Functional types are divided into three categories: indus trial type,agricultural trade type and ecological type.Combining population size,fu nction type and spatial distribution pattern of residential areas,the spatial structure characteristics of four townships are obtained.At last,two kinds of spatial structur e modes of villages and towns in Jianghan Plain,I.e.,the equilibrium "star" and t he agglomeration "point axis",are summarized by using the typological method.Based on the above research,this paper divides the rural residential morpholog y in Jianghan Plain into two types: equilibrium mosaic and axis attachment accordi ng to the distribution density,morphological complexity and adjacent factors.From the two types,four subtypes are subdivided: hilly type(high density hilly point typ e),downland type(medium density hilly block type),riverside type(low density ri parian arc type)and channel type(medium and low density canal linear type).Fro m four subtypes of typical villages and towns,this paper summarizes two spatial s tructure modes of rural settlements in Jianghan Plain,i.e.equilibrium "star" and ag glomeration "point axis".Among them,the balanced mosaic type belongs to the "st ar-point" structure,and the axle-belt attachment type belongs to the "point-axis" str ucture.In the implementation of the strategy of Rural Revitalization,we can optim ize the spatial structure and restructure the construction of residential areas on the basis of the current morphological types and structural characteristics.