| Since the modern development of industrialization and modernization,the spatial structure system of the original rural settlement and the urban rural continuum in China has been broken up. The imbalance between urban and rural development and the huge gap between the economic status of the rural areas lead to the particularlyprominent problemin rural areas. The Central No.1 Document on agriculture, rural areas and farmers published and the relevant policies formulated consecutive year since 2004 marks that the contemporary rural settlement has been a critical period with the transition of the social and economic structure. The research of rural settlement has its important theoretical and practical significance. The rural settlement in Jianghan plain area crisscrossed with rivers as the research object,researches on the spatial growth mechanism and regulation mechanism,and to explore the effective way to realize urban and rural integration and ecological civilization construction by coordinating the relationship between human and land, intensive land, optimizing the spatial pattern of rural settlement and so on. It is keeping pace with the times.The area crisscrossed with rivers in Jianghan plain is the region of huge network system formed by different grades of natural water systems and artificial excavation of the larger density of water. According to the boundaries of administrative divisions and the characteristics of general geography, this paper determines the research scope of this article contains 11 district municipal administrative units. The administrative division includes Jingzhou:Jingzhou District, Shashi District(In order to facilitate the comparison of spatial and statistical data, Jingzhou District andShashi District were united to a Jingzhou municipal districts)、Jiangling、Shishou、Songzi、Gongan、 Honghu、Jianli; Provincial Supervision of City:Xiantao、Qianjiang、Tianmen. In this paper, the rural settlement is defined as the rural settlement which is mainly based on the agricultural production. It mainly refers to the villages and towns under the organic towns, which is a typical settlement in the traditional sense, inflecting the essence of the harmonious relationship between human、nature and society.This paper is mainly basedon the region formation and evolution ofrural settlement space in the area crisscrossed with rivers in Jianghan plain,to study the characteristics in different time and different stages of rural settlement spatial differentiation, structure shape change, driving factors and dynamic mechanism,and discusses the methods and approaches of optimizing and adjusts the spatial pattern of rural settlements. From the perspective of urban and rural planning, guided by the theory of human settlement environment and the relationship between human and land,with the support of some analysis method such as GIS, landscape ecology and so on, this paper seeks the relationship between the spatial pattern of rural settlement and natural ecology, social economy and regional culture; and drawing lessons from the research results of geography, landscape ecology and land use planning to explore the objective law of the development and change under the complex representation of spatial distribution, level differentiation and morphological change of rural settlementputs forward the control and guidance strategy. The content of this research includes theoretical elaboration, empirical analysis and conclusion. The theoretical part includes theoretical origin and rheology, domestic and foreign research review, research progress, research design; The empirical part includes Jianghan plain river network region rural settlement spatial evolution process and characteristic analysis, the settlement space differentiation measure analysis, analysis of the driving factors and dynamic mechanism, rural settlement space regulation strategy analysis.lt analyses Shishou City of Hubei Province as a typical case putting forward to the thinking about optimizing the spatial pattern of rural settlements and regulation. The conclusion part mainly puts forward the innovation and deficiency of this studyand expects the future research. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) t is mainly from the perspective of the relationship between man and land, human settlementsand so on to sort out the development of the theory andbuild a research theory framework about the spatial evolution, differentiation and sustainable development of rural settlement. Through the review of the research on rural settlement at home and abroad and the division of the stage,the deficiency of the research system of rural settlement spatial pattern is defined,providing the breakthrough point for this research.(2)The rural settlement in Jianghan plain area crisscrossed with rivers is explained from geographical space distribution, generation and development, spatial formation and differentiation and the changes of spatial structure. Using the relevant theories of geography, urban and rural planning, demography and sociology etc. to study on rural settlement space in Jianghan Plain Area since the development of different historical periods. The space of rural settlement in Jianghan plain Lake Region is promoted by the influence of natural factors such as movement, climate and sea level change, and change of water system in Jianghan Region and artificial factors including water conservancy infrastructure construction, polder construction development and construction of the rise, irrigation and drainage canal system perfect, agricultural production technology development. From the following three aspects reveals the characteristics and objective law of the evolution of the rural settlement space in each stage:the rural settlement geography space is from the edge to the center to promote the development of the hinterland, along with the development of wetland gradually expand;the spatial level of rural settlement has experienced the transition from "poly" to "city", from "city" to "village", and from "village" to "town";the spatial pattern of rural settlement is compatible with the environment and economic development level, meanwhile follows the law of the development of point, strip, and multi cluster in depth.(3) With the support of GIS, FRAGSTATS and SPSS and other technical ways to study on the spatial differentiation of rural settlement using relevant theories combined with land cover, landscape ecology and other related research results. The level measure and its influencing factors are analyzed from the three aspects of spatial distribution, spatial level alienation and spatial form. The total area, the density and its difference, the shape and the proximity these 4 kinds of indexesand the core area index were selectedthrough the level measurement and influence factor analysisto measure the rural settlement space. The comprehensive evaluation of spatial measurement is drawn from three functions of rural settlement production, life and ecology meanwhile to infer the development trend of space distribution, the level and the form. This paper summarizes that under the influence of nature and society the development of the rural settlement space in Jianghan plain area crisscrossed with rivers trails behindthe economic developed area. The model of disequilibriumuniform distributionis formed under the water environment stress. Thespatial level has obvious difference. The spatial morphological characteristics presents that the strip shape mainly meanwhile the local area existing poly type and cluster type. These characteristics provide direction for the prediction and control of the spatial development trend of rural settlement.(4) Based on the spatial evolution history of rural settlement in Jianghan plain area crisscrossed with rivers in addition the analysis of present tense and the comprehensive measurement and evaluation of rural settlement space,the driving factors of the formation and development of its space is summed up. The internal and external factorssuch as nature, society, economy, ecology, policy, regional culture act on the law, mode, influence and then present the performanceof the settlement space. The mechanism of spatial evolution of rural settlement and its influence on the common function of the elements are discussed through the correlation analysis of elements. This paper proposes that the spatial evolution of rural settlements in Jianghan Plain is the result of common action of this four major impact mechanism such as natural ecological carrying, social and economic coordination, market resource allocation, government regulation and control guidance.(5) Based on the analysis of measurement and driving mechanism,the research scope of rural settlement space is divided into four regional types using dynamic clustering analysis. According to the characteristics of rural settlement space in Jianghan plain area crisscrossed with rivers,this paper puts forward the classification regulation strategy of "keeping, expanding, keeping and adjusting". Using the ecological suitability evaluation method, spatial reconstruction, spatial matrix topology optimization, control and classification of settlement patterns the general path model and the split path model are proposed from three aspects of the layout, form and level of rural settlement space and then guides the specific content of regulation and control.In space distribution each kind of regulation and control is implemented properly according to the results of dynamic classification and measurement. At the spatial level this paper focus on the regulation of the central village and the grassroots village. In the form, the types development and characteristics of the central village, the grass roots village and the traditional village are put forwardfocusing on the boundary shape and combination pattern of settlement space. And then it puts forward to realize the control of the implementation and protection mechanism.(6) Shishou City of Hubei Province is selected as a typical case study. According to the aforementioned research foundation and results,the origin and evolution of rural settlement spatial development in Shishou are be analyzed in the time dimension.The characteristicsof rural settlement space pattern is analyzed and summarized in order to determine the regulation goal, emphasis, approaches and contents of rural settlements in Shishou City. And then it puts forward the corresponding settlement space control of the implementation and protection to ensure that the implementation and guarantee of the corresponding settlement space control can be summed up and tthe regional characteristics of the settlement space system can be formed.After a summary of the important theory at home and abroad,the spatial system analysis of rural settlement in time and space dimensions,the application of main support methods and the empirical study on the regulation of rural settlement space in Shishou City,the main research results, innovation points and deficiencies are summarized and discussed at the end of this paper. |
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