Management Strategy Of Protected Landscapes In The Countryside Of The United Kingdom

Rural landscape records the process of interaction between human and nature.In recent years,the process of urbanization in China has been continuously promoted,rural areas have been affected by urbanization,resulting in an increasing trend of a large number of development and construction activities.Much agricultural land has been occupied.At the same time,methods of rural agricultural manufacturing have also been constantly updated according to development,which increases extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers polluted and reduces quality and biodiversity of rural environment.Lots of rural residents immigrate from countryside to urban areas,left some rural areas unattended,especially historical and cultural sites.All of these problems have led to the deterioration of rural landscape in China.On the other hand,urban dwellers still wish to visit rural areas and enjoy their splendid scenery,in some areas opportunities have been taken to develop the tourism,however,some large quantities of tourists' rushing into rural areas for recreation will also do harm to environment to a certain degree.Many foreign developed countries began to pay attention to the management of the rural environment very early.In the 1940s,the United Kingdom established a variety of protected landscapes in the countryside through setting a series of laws.Rational management and coordination are also considered.Specific strategies for protection and development of rural landscape have solved environmental problems and accumulated sustainable development experiences of rural areas.Based on the extensive reading and analysis of the cases of protected landscapes in the countryside of the United Kingdom and taking literature research,cases study and summarization as main research methods,this paper explains some basic facts of the United Kingdom,rural landscape eharacteristies,establishment and development of protected landscapes in the countryside.Eight main categories of protected landscapes in the eountryside of the United Kingdom and their management strategies are coneluded.National parks,Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and National Scenic Areas are three types of national defined protected areas,whose management objectives and content are similar and have accumulated quantities of successful management experiences in many years.Therefore,taking the three ones as key investigated subjects,this article summarizes and analyzes experiences of laws,relative management institutions and management measures as well as environmental,social and economic management experiences.Besides,Cairngorms National Parks and Wye Valley are also taken as research examples because of their beautiful natural landscape,leading to further analysis of management experiences.Finally,this paper summarizes management experiences of protected landscapes in the countryside of the United Kingdom,combines it with main problems of rural landscape faced by China,and analyzes the suggestions of United Kingdom on management of rural landscape to China.