Study On The Construction Of The Wartime Capital Relocation Area(1939-1945)

With the expansion of the Anti-Japanese War,chongqing became the wartime capital.A large number of industrial and mining enterprises as well as the population of coastal cities have moved to chongqing,resulting in the rapid expansion of chongqing’s urban population and the increasing pressure on the city.In order to disperse the population,relieve the pressure on the urban area,and reduce the loss of people and property caused by the bombing by Japanese planes,the national government decided to set up a relocation zone in the suburbs of chongqing.The relocation zone will disperse the offices,schools,enterprises and people in chongqing,and carry out a series of development and construction for the relocation zone.In order to speed up the evacuation schedule,the national government implemented a control system on the means of transport,reduced its charge price,alleviated the traffic pressure brought by population evacuation,and improved the evacuation efficiency.Meanwhile,on the one hand,the national government formulated and promulgated a series of evacuation measures to further improve the evacuation work.On the other hand,the organization of schools,hospitals,institutions along the chengdu-chongqing highway,from mount gele,eagle rock,by the monk slope,the new temple,high shop,diamond slope,chenjiaqiao,qingmu pass to beibei along the three km area for relocation.On the construction of the relocation area,first for the construction of traffic.In order to facilitate the traffic between the relocation area and the urban area,a lot of new bus lines have been opened to complement the existing shipping lines.At the same time,special shuttle bus and special school bus have been opened to facilitate the communication between public officials,school staff and ordinary citizens.Secondly,the sanitary construction is carried out,aiming to curb the prevalence of malaria and create a comfortable living environment in the relocation area.Finally,in the central organs of the relocation area for public security,communications construction,and through the development and construction of the geleshan,beibei area,to promote the formation of wartime geleshan medical and health center,but also to speed up the beibei urbanization process.Under the background of wartime relocation,beibei,sand industry and qingmuguan cultural areas were formed.Firstly,in terms of beibei cultural district,through the construction in the district,beibei is transformed into a region with more than 10 colleges and universities,which is mainly composed of primary and secondary schools and lacking of institutions of higher learning.A large number of cultural units and celebrities and scholars move into this area,which promotes the cultural development and prosperity of beibei district.Then,in terms of magnetic sand culture area,and its before did not become the relocation area will have the good cultural advantage,but with a large number of schools,cultural institutions,famous scholars in this area,there is no doubt that accelerating the development of the sand magnetic region culture,make the region more strong cultural atmosphere,advantages more,at the same time stimulate the sand magnetic areas of business and transportation development,for the development of sand magnetic region after laid a good foundation.Finally,,as far as qingmuguan cultural district is concerned,because the ministry of education of the national government moved to qingmuguan hot spring temple for office,it promoted the development of education in qingmuguan area and became an educational base for the Anti-Japanese War with numerous schools.In a word,although the construction of the wartime relocation zone was a passive strategy of wartime passive air defense,it played an important role in reducing the loss of personnel and property caused by the heavy bombing and supporting the Anti-Japanese War.Moreover,it has a direct impact on the formation of the current pattern of chongqing and is of great value and significance to the research on the urban development of chongqing.