| With the increasing of people’s production and living standard,people are paying more and more attention to safety issues.When emergency occurs,especially in crowded places such as schools,crowds were able to quickly and orderly evacuation,transferred to other safe place,in the process of applied science evacuation strategy,is an important means to improve the evacuation efficiency,and to speed up the rescue process.Crowd evacuation is the first priority.At present,new buildings in domestic and overseas in recent years have self-contained fire fighting equipment and facilities in a good level,but old buildings which built in early years,especially the multi-storey apartment buildings,such as student apartments,old worker dormitory buildings,are still have large fire hazard.These buildings are characterized by high density of personnel at night,unreasonable construction structure,imperfect fire fighting,communication and early warning facilities,and lack of detailed evacuation plans frequently.These characteristics led to inefficient evacuation,often caused large casualties,direct and indirect losses under the condition of the building when disasters happened,especially personnel slept soundly or spirit trance at night.In the event that evacuation is required,most of the existing notification methods are broadcast warning notifications to allow people to conduct active and spontaneous evacuation.This method has many flaws,such as the inability to confirm the rate which people receive notifications,the inability to locate who did not receive notifications,and may ignore the warnings without knowing the level of disaster or even whether the disaster occurred.To improve the state of inefficient of active evacuation in multistorey apartment,and in the case of existing methods’ low-effiective or failure it has no alternative,put forward the concept of passive evacuation mobilization with personnel inform,and the best evacuation scheme plan is selected on optimization.Simplify architecture to topology,design the notification method and add a control group with common evacuation scheme for contrast and validation.Based on the software Pyrosim and FDS+Evac,the west-9 dormitory,in one university as an example,its physical model was built and the evacuation mobilization schemes were simulated and calculated,and finally changed the exit parameters as comparison schemes.The results of simulation shown that the time of the passive evacuation mobilization scheme is shorter than the control group obviously and the plan 3pp4-1 has the shortest evacuation time,696.8s.Improve the known degree of main exit has greater effect about the plan which has the longest evacuation time.In order to simulate the real situation,the main exit increased gate machines,and found that when the number of people was larger,the gate machines reduced the evacuation efficiency;When the number of people is relatively small,the gate machines will have the effect to standardize the team,and the evacuation efficiency will increase.Further studies have found that the relation between the delay time of fire door and evacuation time with 95% evacuees passed is expressed as a logarithmic function if the fire door is not open at the same time as the main exit,it will be delayed for a period of time.The effectiveness of passive evacuation mobilization was verified by comparison with the control group. |
