Research On Open Design Of The Existing Closed Residential Area

From ancient times until now,the construction of residential areas which is closely related to people’s daily life is an important part of urban construction.And people have been exploring the livable and humanized living space for a long time.The closed residential areas as a main residential area in China,with the social progress and development,has exposed many social issues such as urban spatial separatism,loss of neighborhood vitality,waste of facility resources,and so on.In contrast,the blocks in foreign countries,which are constructed under the guidance of New Urbanism,can better meet the needs of modern urban life in terms of structure,form,spatial layout,and functions.In 2016,China issued the Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction,proposing that "optimize the roads and construct an open residential area with convenient transportation,pleasant environment,and various supporting facilities where people can live harmoniously with each other.The built residential community should be gradually opened".However,an open residential area can also face a lot of problems.Therefore,making the existing enclosed residential areas in China open to the outside is not to simply knock down the walls but to propose some practical design strategies which fit the habits of residents based on the current situation of the residential areas.First of all,determine the research object of this paper,comb the analysis of domestic and foreign related theories by collecting analytical data and reading and compiling the literature;Secondly,it analyzes the process of evolution and development of the closed residential area in China,and the social problems brought about by the closure of residential area under the background of the times.On the basis of these studies,we can see that the opening of closed residential areas is an inevitable choice for the society,and this leads to the thinking on the open design of existing closed residential areas.Again,for example analysis,it selects three cases for analysis of Makuhari residential area,Jaiwai SOHO and Guogongzhuang Phase I public rental housing community,drawing lessons from the experience of applying to the open construction of existing closed residential areas,providing factual basis for the open design of existing closed residential areas in China,and summing up the main points of the open design of the closed residential areas;then,from the four aspects of street area scale,road network traffic,functional facilities,and public space,put forward specific measures for the open design of existing closed residential areas;finally,taking Beijing Tiantongyuan residential area as an example,through field research and collect information,summarizes the existing problems in the residential areas of Tiantongyuan residential area,and propose specific solutions to these problems.The open design of both closed residential areas is at an early stage in our country and it takes a long way to go.Through the study,this article determines the block size of the residential areas in China between 150 m and 200 m,and divides the residential areas into three levels of "residential areas-neighborhoods-neighborhood units(a kind of enclosed courtyard)" so as to make the environment more pleasant.Correspondingly,the transportation network,functional facilities and public space are also divided into three levels.In addition,as for transportation network,residential roads are open to the outside world,and people are encouraged to take public transportation and drive slowly to ensure their safety.When it comes to functional facilities,there are different designs for various public facilities with different service radius.In this way,a diversified mix of functions both in the horizontal and vertical directions was achieved,creating a set of diverse,open and shared functional facilities.In public space,different public spaces are designed according to the openness and service targets while paying attention to the needs of the elderly,children,and women in the external space of the residence,thus forming an orderly and diverse space environment.