| The total momentum and energy fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean can be divided into two parts,one part transports to the surface waves,while the other part transport to underlying currents.The wave-supported momentum and energy fluxes will be ultimately released to the ocean through wave breaking.Breaking-wave-induced momentum and energy fluxes will affect the thermodynamic and dynamic structures of the upper-ocean layer,and then influence the transportation and diffusion of suspended solids in the ocean.There are variety of parameterizations about breaking-wave-induced momentum and energy fluxes.Those parameterizations shows different performances in numerical models.In this study,a new parameterization of breaking-wave-induced momentum and energy fluxes,which dependents on wind speed and wave age,is proposed based on analyses of the previous studies.In the new parameterization: the parameterization of vertical distribution of the breaking-wave-induced momentum fluxes not only dependents on wind speed,but dependents on wave age(p*ac u);the parameterization of breaking-wave-induced energy fluxes also dependents on wave age.The new parameterization is introduced into a 1-D general ocean turbulence model(GOTM).The influences of breaking-wave on the upper-ocean mixing is analyzed based on several sensitive experiments using GOTM.In addition,the oil-spilling concentration effected by breaking waves is analyzed.The main research results are as follows:(1)Adding the effects of wave breaking deepens the mixing layer depth and declines the time needed to reach certain depth.The influences of wave-breaking are enlarged under higher wind speed(i.e.,higher wind stress).The effects of wave breaking depend on sea states.(2)Only considering the breaking-wave-induced energy flux has minor impact,while adding the effects of the breaking-induced momentum flux improves the model performance significantly.The differences between simulated and observed values of the temperature decrease.Adding the effects of wave breaking,each item of turbulence kinetic energy and diffusivity increase at same depth.The effects of the wave breaking-induced energy flux on the ocean mixing are less than that from the breaking-induced momentum flux.(3)The vertical distribution of oil-spilling concentration mainly depends on the diameter of the oil drop particles and the diffusion coefficient.With the decreasing of the diameter of the oil drop particle(or with the increasing of the oil-spilling diffusion coefficient),the downward depth of the oil-spilling diffusion will increase.The decrease rate of the concentration is slow down with the water depth decreasing.Considering the effects of wave breaking increases the diffusion coefficient,accordingly,the downward diffusion depth of oil-spilling will increase,the decreasing rate of the oil-spilling concentration with the depth decreasing will slow down as well. |
