A Comparative Study Of Water Elements In Chinese And Russian Classical Gardens In The 18th Century

As a kind of realm with multiple functions such as viewing and recreation,gardens can display the engineering technology level and historical,cultural and artistic features of a certain area in a certain period.The maturity of the Chinese imperial gardens and the prosperity of the Russian manor houses are the two landscape development peaks in different regions in the same period,and have relatively high comparative research value.The main body of the article is divided into three parts.The first part,starting from the perspective of garden history,briefly sorted out the development context of both Chinese and Russian classical gardens,and provided the conditions for the subsequent study of the water elements of Chinese and Russian classical gardens in the 18th century.The second part is a comparative study of the techniques of water elements application in Chinese and Russian classical gardens in the 18th century:Firstly,this part summarizes the historical background of the eighteenth century.Then,from the perspective of the hierarchical relationship between garden site selection,waterscape layout,waterscape form,waterscape and other landscaping elements,the part respectively analyses the techniques of water elements application in Chinese and Russian classical gardens in this period.In the end,the similarities and differences between the use of water elements in Chinese and Russian classical gardens in the eighteenth century are unified and compared.The third part is a comparative study of the causes of the use of water elements in Chinese and Russian classical gardens in the eighteenth century.First of all,from the perspective of the development of gardens,the evolution of the use of water elements in classical gardening in the two countries is studied separately.Then it analyses the influence of traditional culture and foreign culture on the use of water elements in the classical gardens of the two countries.In the end,the similarities and differences between the causes of the use of water elements in the Chinese and Russian classical gardens in the eighteenth century are unified and compared.Through the above study,we reach the following conclusions:1.Both the eighteenth-century Chinese gardens and Russian gardens have the features of the site-selection science,large water consumption and large-scale water.The difference is that there are many scientific drainage and water storage systems in Chinese gardens,and often use the method of sending love to scenery to create a waterscape artistic conception.Russian gardens are more adept at shaping large areas of natural waterscapes,restoring the beauty of natural water bodies in the park.2.Both Chinese gardens and Russian gardens of this period assimilates the cultural features of the nation into the water features.However,Chinese gardens have closed characteristics,and their water management methods are consistent.The waterscape in Russian gardens is shaped after integrating the national culture with the source style.It is influenced more by foreign styles and therefore has an open character.Openness and closedness are the internal causes for the formation of waterscape differences between landscapes in the 18th century.Through literature analysis and synthesis,field investigation,horizontal comparison,and analytical research,the thesis combines relevant theories and academic literatures such as architecture,design,history of garden development,and sums up the features of the waterscape scene in the classical gardens of China and Russia in the 18th century.The paper,by summarizing the characteristics and causes of the using techniques of water elements of the two countries during this period,combs the development context of the two countries’ water features and summarizes the parts that can be applied to modern design,aiming at serving as a reference for the development of modern gardens and other design fields in China.