Performance Characteristicsand Influence Factors Of Water Adaptive Landscape In Ancient Town

Due to developments of modern urban construction,the land exploration is under highintensity,improper constructions,neglects ecological demands of landscapes in city,not only results in widely reducing areas of rivers and lakes,but alsodirectly lead to destructions of the original natural hydrological ecological stability of the city.The potential dangers threatens the city with many tests such as drought,flood,and waterlogging.With deeply researches,we believe that the traditional scenes of the city and the historical water system pattern are valuable resources for the city,adapting to the natural background.And those are typical examples to deal with the sharp contradictions in modern urban constructions.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the formation of water adaptive landscape in ancient cities and towns.The ancient people accumulated valuable experiences during long-term management,treatment and coexistence with water,which mainly are reflected inaspects of the site selection,layout,building groups,agriculturalwater facilities.This formedabundant water adaptive landscapes.Protection and utilization of this wisdom and crystallization helping ancient humans adjust to mechanisms of natural environment are new ideas,to dealing with the current urban climate change,droughts and floods,and other ecological issues,and it is also significant mean for the design of resilient cities.Firstly,this paper based on researches about water adaptive landscapes from domestic and abroad,it put forward the concept of water adaptive landscapes and analyzed related concepts from of substance and theoretical mechanism.Secondly,through consulting historical documents,local records,ancient maps,and other data,it clarified the classification of urban water adaptive landscapes and its distribution characteristicsin China,including adapting to the dual threats of drought and flood,flood threats,and drought threats.Then,it selected three typical cases: Jinzhong area withlandscapesmainly adapting threats of drought and flood,Honghe area withlandscapes mainly adapting to threats of floods,Haiyuan area with landscapes mainly adapting to drought threat.Fromthisthree cases under different factors of affecting the formation of water adaptive landscapes,the paper identified different types of adaptation system adapting to local environments and compared with each other from four aspects: the site selection,layout,building groups,agriculturalwater facilities,to figure out corresponding relationship between different factors and characteristics of performance.Among that,the precipitation,altitude,and gradient factors dominated the site selection and layout of township.Finally,this paper,from four major aspects of site selection,urban layout,construction group,and farmland water conservancy,discussed the guiding significance of ancient water adaptive landscapes characteristics to modern urban construction,expecting to give effective guidelines of modern urban construction to protect cities fromfloods,droughts and other natural disasters.Water adaptive landscapes is the wisdom resulted from the harmonious coexistence of human society and water environment.In-depth studies of Water adaptive landscapes of ancient cities and towns will help draw lessons from the wisdom of cities planning and layout,and provide guidance on the urban planning and layout of modern cities against droughts and floods.