| As the important cultural wealth and the whole heritage of all mankind,the basic and protective research of the tea-horse trail is the core of the research of heritage protection in China.The settlement along the trail is an important part of" Tea Horse Trail",and the fractal theory is suitable for studying the scale and spatial structure of the settlement system,but there is a serious "town bias",and the fractal study of rural settlement system is less.Therefore,this article takes the "Tea Horse Trail" as well as the settlement along the road to start,the fractal theory is used as the main methodology to introduce the study of the settlement system,from the county domain(macroscopic),the town domain(meso),the village domain(microscopic)level three scale to the NingEr”Tea Horse Trail”along the settlement of the fractal features in-depth analysis.At the county level,NingEr "Tea Horse Trail" and the modern traffic network were established in different ranges from the buffer analysis of the 1995 and 2015,summed up the distribution laws of the settlements along the trail,compared with elevation,slope,slope and other related factors,and made the priority ranking of influencing factors.In the town scale,the fractal characteristics of the settlements along the trail are deduced from four aspects of scale,spatial relativity,spatial agglomeration and the fractal characteristics of road traffic network.Further in-depth to the village scale,the analysis of the ancient road to the internal spatial distribution of the impact of the settlement.The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)On the macroscopic scale,by extracting the NingEr settlement distribution map,using GIS-related analysis tool to make "Tea horse trail" and the buffer analysis under different radius of modern traffic network,combining with slope,slope direction and elevation correlation data,the characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution of NingEr settlements from 1995 to 2015 were obtained,and the influence factors are sorted according to the cluster of masses.The most preferential order of the influencing factors is:the modern Traffic Network(1000-1150m)--the "Tea Horse Trail"(700-1000m)-slope(4 °-15 °)-elevation(1300-1700m)-slope(southward).(2)In the meso-scale,the area of the study area of five influencing factor fusion rate is higher-NingEr town as the main object of the study of the town-domain scale.In establishing the spatial agglomeration model,firstly,the spatial relativity and spatial agglomeration of the settlement system distribution in NingEr town are expounded,which proves that the spatial relativity and spatial agglomeration of the NingEr town settlement system in the 1995 are greater than the spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration of NingEr town settlement system in 2015.Secondly,the spatial differentiation of the agglomeration fractal feature is fitted by the two-level model of "town-center village-The Villages" and "central village-The villages",It is clear that the agglomeration of the two-level model settlement system established by NingEr town in the 2015 was stronger than the two-level model settlement system in NingEr town 1995,and the dependence of the"Tea Horse Trail" and the development of the settlement was analyzed by the fractal model of traffic network.In the road traffic network and the spatial correlation fractal fitting of settlement,the fractal characteristics of the settlements are not influenced by the size and size of the settlement and appear invariance in a certain range.At the same time,in the ancient road and historical relics fitting to find the center of the village of ancient road history remains not only a large number of villages,their aggregation of the degree of tightness is greater than the villages.Finally,comparing the fractal fitting characteristics of the settlements along the modern traffic network,it verifies that the fractal effect of modern traffic network on the settlement is much greater than the fractal effect of "Tea Horse Trail" on the settlement.(3)On the microscopic scale,the fractal dimension values of the interior space of the settlement of the village of Manda 1995 and 2015 were demonstrated,and the characteristics and trend of the fractal dimension of different periods are compared,and the reasons are analyzed.This paper further expounds the change of the ancient road culture to the settlement space form,and also strengthens the influence of the "Tea-Horse Road" on the monomer agglomeration,and finds the guiding direction for the spatial distribution and value protection of the settlement.Through the angle of excessive form,based on the geographic Information system,this paper probes into the relationship between "Tea Horse Road" and "settlement" in ER region,and puts forward some relevant suggestions on the cultural protection of the regional trail,and also opens up new research ideas for the reasonable development of the settlement along the ancient road. |
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