Assessment Of Ecosystem Integrity In The Potential Construction Area Of The Third Pole National Park Group

National park is one of the main parts of global nature reserves and an important way to protect biodiversity and ecosystems,which makes protect ecosystem integrity into ultimate goal.As the main area of the potential construction area of the Third Pole National Park Group,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is also known as the "Asian Water Tower" and is an ecological security barrier in China,even the world with the large area,rich topography,landscape types and biodiversity.At present,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is focusing on the construction of the "Earth Third Pole" national park group for the purpose of protecting the ecological service functions of the "Asian Water Tower" and "Chinese Water Tower",strengthening the protection of important ecological security barrier as the priority,like the Yangzi River and Yellow River etc.,and making the most important natural ecosystems with national representativeness,ecosystem integrity,and management feasibility into the national park system,to implement overall protection and system protection.The primary function of the construction of national parks in China is to protect the ecosystem integrity.The assessment of the ecosystem integrity in national parks is meaningful for identifying ecosystem health,maintaining ecosystem balance,and strengthening the protection of representative or typical natural ecosystem and restoration of the damaged natural ecosystems.This paper relies on the project,the “second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,‘The Third Pole National Park Group Construction Project'(2019QZKK0401)”and “the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Class A),‘The Tibetan Plateau National Park(Group)Management System and Management Technology'(XDA20020303)”,taking a research on the ecosystem integrity of the Third Pole National Park Group.Based on the overview of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this paper takes the structure-function-process as the entry point,and refers to the foreign assessment framework for ecosystem integrity,a remote sensing assessment framework for the ecosystem integrity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is constructed.According to the framework,an evaluation index system of ecosystem integrity is established,and then using the expert scoring method to obtain the weight of the index,assessing the ecosystem integrity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau which make the ecological partition as unit,finally giving the proper suggestions to the construction of Third Pole National Park group.There are the main conclusions:(1)Established a remote sensing assessment framework and indicator system for the ecosystem integrity of the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the assessment frameworks of ecosystem integrity at home and abroad,the paper establishes a remote assessment framework for the ecosystem integrity of the Tibetan Plateau from five aspects: ecosystem pattern,ecosystem quality,ecosystem service function,ecological problems and human pressure in a perspective of ecological structure-function-process,and selects landscape diversity index,vegetation coverage,biomass,biodiversity maintenance capacity index,soil erosion,animal husbandry amount,road density,population density,nighttime lights as the specific assessment indicators,and extracts indicators' information from MODIS data and night-light data assessing the ecosystem integrity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau which makes the ecological partition as unit.(2)Obtained the spatial distribution pattern of the ecosystem integrity of the Tibetan Plateau.The analysis of the evaluation results shows that the ecosystem integrity index of the Tibetan Plateau is between 0.28 and 0.91,and the average value is 0.58,which is in a relatively moderate state.Among them,about 0.06% area of the ecosystem integrity index is lower than 0.4(poor),68.15% area of the ecosystem integrity index is between 0.4 and 0.6(moderate),31.66% area of the ecosystem integrity index is between 0.6 and 0.8(Good),and 0.12% area of the ecosystem integrity index is higher than 0.8(excellent).The overall ecosystem integrity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presents a pattern that is low in the northwest and strong in the southeast,and the boundary between the high and low levels of the ecosystem integrity is obvious,while the ecosystem integrity is high in the southeast,the ecosystem integrity is low in the northwest.(3)Provided optimization suggestions for the construction of the Third Pole National Parks.Based on the overlay evaluation of the result of ecosystem integrity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the existing alternative areas of the third pole national park group,the paper considers that the protection scope and number of existing national park candidate areas need to be further determined.Therefore,in order to reasonably promote the establishment and construction of the third pole national park complex,the article proposes relevant measures with this goal: first taking the area with good ecosystem integrity in the evaluation results as the basic condition for national park alternative areas to protect completely;Second,considering the existing natural reserves,biodiversity,natural landscapes,social and human characteristics of the area,and appropriately adjust the scope and the number of the national park alternative areas to avoid protection vacancies and excessive protection;Third,Connecting with national spatial planning and other planning schemes to eliminate the impact of pressure sources on the ecological integrity.