Quantitative Study On Valley Ecological Compensation Standard

At present,China's river basins with water resources as the main medium have the problem of uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources ecological products and ecological service values.Coupled with the man-made influence of disorderly development of river basin resources and the construction of farmland around lakes,environmental problems such as soil erosion and eutrophication of water bodies occur frequently,and the ecology of the river basin has further deteriorated.Ecological compensation,as an effective means of coordinating the relationship between all stakeholders and promoting the sustainable use of water resources in the basin,has gradually attracted great attention.Nowadays,the ecological compensation mechanism is mainly based on fiscal transfer payments,and gradually shifts from vertical fiscal transfers to horizontal fiscal transfers.The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism of the river basin is an effective economic policy tool to promote the internalization of river basin ecological protection and external costs of water pollution.The establishment of ecological compensation standards is the key to constructing ecological compensation mechanisms.Therefore,this dissertation aims to establish a fair,reasonable,classified and unified quantitative standard of river basin ecological compensation.This dissertation comprehensively uses research methods such as literature research,survey interviews,and mathematical statistics.By reading the existing literature on valley ecological compensation at home and abroad,it sorts out some influencing factors that may affect valley ecological compensation standards,and based on this,a quantitative standard of valley ecological compensation is constructed.The standard is mainly composed of three parts: the minimum limit of the ecological compensation standard of the basin,the protection compensation caused by the conservation of water resources in the upstream area,and the compensation of water quality and pollution caused by competition in the upstream and downstream areas.The minimum compensation standard depends on the direct cost of ecological damage and the ecological compensation coefficient.The protection compensation requires comprehensive calculation of the total cost of water conservation and protection in the upstream area(including the actual amount of protection invested and the loss of opportunities to limit economic development),and it is apportioned in accordance with the proportion of water resources service functions enjoyed in the downstream area.Pollution compensation needs to consider both the overuse of water resources and the discharge of pollutants in excess of the standard,introduce correction factors,and implement differentiated compensation based on the local government's ability to pay,willingness to pay,and the characteristics of pollution events to avoid the emergence of a “one size fits all” standard.In this dissertation,the applicability of the ecological compensation standard of the river basin and its correlation with the actual situation are tested through a multiple regression model,and the feasibility and practicality of the standard is verified through the case analysis of the Yangtze River basin.This dissertation selects Qinghai Province to verify the protection compensation standards for upstream areas,and the research finds that the benefits enjoyed by Qinghai Province for the conservation and protection of water sources in these downstream areas are far greater than the management investment they should undertake,which means this benefit-cost sharing mechanism is sustainable.This dissertation selects Sichuan Province and Jiangsu Province to verify the water quality and water quantity compensation standards,and estimates the distribution of funds for pollution compensation in the downstream areas of the two regions.This dissertation builds a classified and unified quantitative standard of ecological compensation for large river basins that takes into account two standards of water quality and water quantity,in order to provide ideas for the improvement of the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin.