A Study On The Hygienic Facilities Of Rural Elementary Schools And The Behavioral Patterns Of Students' Toilet Use

Object:1.Understanded the type of toilets,sanitation facilities,and hygiene conditions in rural primary schools in China,compared differences in geography,sanitation and hygiene.2.Surveied students' toilet behavior,water consumption and toilet experience,and describe students' subjective toilet experience.3.Analyzed the influence of toilet facilities,personal factors and toilet experience on students' toilet behavior in order to develop students' toilet behavior Interventions provide references.Method:1.This study took students from rural primary schools as the research object,selected a county in the south(Dangyang City,Yichang),and a county in the north(Shuangqiao District,Chengde),and selected 6 completely non-boarding primary schools in each area,each the school selected the whole class of students in the third and sixth grades as the target of the survey.2.On-site investigation:uniformed training for investigators,on-site observation of the condition of school toilet facilities and cooperation with the school's water and sanitation supervisor.Administrators conducted interviews and record the Rural School Water and Latrine Survey Form.The investigator observed and recorded the number of students using the school toilet during the rest period of the day.3.Questionnaire survey:by reviewing the literature,designed and developed the Survey on the Toilet Behavior of Rural Primary School Students.The one-to-one questionnaire was administered to one class of students in each of the third and sixth grades.4.Data collation and analysis:Using Excel(2010 version)to establish a database,using SPSS(version 22.0)to analyze the data,using descriptive,single-factor and multi-factor,structural equation modeling and other analytical methods to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing students' toilet behavior.Result:1.School water and hygiene facilities in schools:(1)Rural primary schools had adequate water supply for sanitation.Septic tank toilets were the main type of toilets,while dry toilets were the main type of toilets in the north.(2)There were difference in type of toilets,squatting compartment,number of squats for girls,odour,density of maggots,lighting,quality of toilets,hand washing facilities,and availability of soap in north and south schools(P<0.1,partial P<0.05).2.Students' toilet behavior:(1)The ratio of boys to toilets during breaks was higher than that of girls,and the ratio of toilets of students in the south was higher than that in the north.The break time with the highest proportion of students' toilets was between 2-3 classes in the morning.(2)Students reported that about 1%and 16%of students never use the school toilet to urinate and defecate.(3)The self-reported toilet frequency of students was grouped by gender.Students in different regions had statistically difference,and students in the south were higher than in the north.(4)The frequency of self-reported urination of toilets by students was more than 2 times per day.(5)Students' self-reported toilet experience was better.3.Influencing factors of students' toilet behavior:(1)Students' toilet behavior was comprehensively affected by toilet facilities,personal factors and toilet experience.(2)In terms of toilet facilities,the toilet types,partition facilities and materials had a negative correlation with students' toilet behavior;personal factors,there was a positive correlation between the amount of drinking water and the frequency of students'urination,regions and genders had impact on pupils' toilet behavior.The frequency of urination and defecation of students in the South was higher than that in the north,and the frequency of defecation of girls was higher than that of boys.In terms of toilet experience,toilet hygiene and unfriendly experiences had a positive impact on the frequency of toilet use,and hygiene knowledge had a negative effect on students' toilet use.Conclusion:1.The surveyed southern schools had better sanitation facilities than the north.2.During the break time,the utilisation rate of toilets in southern primary schools was higher than in the north,and boys were higher than girls.The break time with the highest proportion of toilet use was between 2-3 classes in the morning.3.The frequency of urinal toileting reported by students was 2 times per day,and the toilet experience was better,but about 1%and 16%of students never report to use school toilets.4.Students' toilet behavior was affected by the combination of toilet facilities,personal factors and toilet experience.Among them,the amount of drinking water,toilet hygiene and unfriendly experiences had positive impact on students' toilet behavior,toilet types,partition facilities,materials,and hygiene knowledge had a negative impact on students' toilet behavior.Geography and gender also had an impact on students'toileting behavior.The frequency of urination and defecation of students in the South was higher than that in the north,and the frequency of defecation of girls was higher than that of boys.