| Under the background of over exploitation and utilization of natural resources and the increasingly serious ecological environment problems,it is an important way to integrate the ecological benefits of forest resources with economic and social benefits,and develop high-efficiency and characteristic forest industry in combination with regional ecological restoration and national poverty alleviation strategy to comprehensively control rocky desertification in the South China Karst area.According to the overall structure of the karst ecological environment in the South China Karst and the actual situation of the karst plateau mountainous area,the typical study area of mixed agriculture and forestry for the potential-light rocky desertification control in the Karst Plateau of Bijie-Salaxi,middle-intensity rocky desertification control and ecological industry in the valley of Guanling-Zhenfeng Karst Plateau,and no-potential rocky desertification control and world natural heritage in Shibing karst mountain valley are selected.The research is based on multidisciplinary theories of geography,ecology,forestry and ecological economics,combined with multi-objective decision-making theory,ecosystem service(function)theory,earth critical zone theory,sustainable development theory,etc.,through ecological positioning observation method,investigation and research method,experiment method,system statistics method and comprehensive analysis method and other research methods,in view of the inadequacy of the spatial scale applicability of the evaluation index system of forestry resources ecological benefits of rock desertification control,select indicators based on the premise of scientificity and specificity,and construct an ecological benefit monitoring and evaluation index system suitable for the spatial scale of the study area;against the lack of objectivity of the ecological benefits evaluation model,combined comprehensive evaluation with ecological restoration of karst rocky desertification forest shrub and grass restoration and forest industry,and the corresponding evaluation model of combined ecological benefits was established.On the basis of the continuous monitoring and survey of 30 sample plots of 15 forestry models in 3 research areas in 2017-2019 and thebackground survey of the research group,8 representative forest industry models including Prunus salicina,Juglans regia,Eriobotrya japonica,Lonicera japonica,Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Ribes burejense,Ginkgo biloba and Pyrus Spp,and 6 forest shrub and grass restoration models of secondary forest and timber forest in the study area were evaluated scientifically and objectively.This paper introduces the combination evaluation method into the comprehensive evaluation of forest,shrub and grass ecological restoration and forest industry ecological benefits,and then constructs the comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation model of ecological benefits.Using the evaluation model,the ecological benefits of different forest industry models in the study area are verified and analyzed,and optimization suggestions are put forward.(1)According to the overall process of frame structure instruction candidate index classification index screening index system construction,an index system for monitoring and evaluating the ecological benefits of karst rocky desertification control forest,shrub and grass restoration and high-efficiency characteristic forest industry was established.The index system consists of target layer,state layer and index layer.There are 15 sub-indexes of 8 kinds of evaluation indexes.Five kinds of soil nutrient indexes are classified as soil fertility comprehensive index,and the biodiversity indexes of tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer are classified as community overall biodiversity index.According to the index system,relevant data are obtained through systematic monitoring in three study areas.The index system is more specific and systematic,which provides an objective reference for the evaluation of ecological benefits of forest resources.(2)According to the theory of multi-objective decision-making,the method of AHP,coefficient of variation,comprehensive index and efficiency coefficient are selected as index weighting method and single evaluation method according to the combination of weight and method,and the combination evaluation model of forest,shrub and grass restoration and forest industry ecological benefit is established based on the combination of results Through the combination evaluation method,the objectivity and scientificity of ecological benefit evaluation are strengthened,andthrough multiple consistency test and compatibility test,it is proved that the method has high reliability,and its compatibility is significantly higher than that of single evaluation method(P < 0.05),which has high reference value.(3)The comprehensive monitoring of forest resources demonstration scale,vegetation coverage and ecosystem structure and function in the study area in2017-2019 shows that the scale and structure of forest shrub and grass restorati on and forest industry model demonstration in the monitoring area have been c ontinuously optimized.The added value of Guanling Zhenfeng Huajiang researc h area is plum > loquat > secondary forest > honeysuckle > walnut > timber forest > prickly ash,and Bijie salaxi research area is walnut > Rosa roxburghi i > secondary In Shibing karst research area,the vegetation coverage of pear,ginkgo,secondary forest and timber forest increased by 4%,7% and 2% respe ctively;the vegetation coverage of forest land and shrubbery land decreased(<4%),while that of garden land increased(>5%)due to the development of for est industry.In recent years,after the early human intervention,the restoration of forest and grass in rocky desertification control mainly focuses on natural re covery,while the promotion and development of ecological forest industry in t he vicinity of human settlements mainly replaces part of the original farming mode to promote the optimization of ecological structure and function.(4)The ecological benefits of 9 different forest industry models and 6 diff erent forest,shrub and grass restoration models in three study areas were comp rehensively evaluated.The results of the combined evaluation of Guanling Zhe nfeng Huajiang study area were secondary forest(14)> timber forest(11.5)> Ju glans regia(5.25)> Lonicera japonica(4.25)> Prunus salicina(4.25)> Eriobotr ya japonica(2.25)> Zanthoxylum bungeanum(2),and Bijie salaxi study area w as secondary forest(14)> timber forest(11.5)> Juglans regia(5.25)> Ribes bur ejense(3),Shibing karst research area is timber forest(13)> secondary forest(10.25)> Ginkgo biloba(7.75)> Pyrus spp(7.25).The average ecological benefi t of economic forest in the three study areas is 72.8% of that of secondary forest and timber forest in the same area,which has high ecological benefit and economic benefit and can give consideration to ecological restoration and farme rs’ livelihood to a certain extent,but it still needs to be further improved in te rms of biological diversity.The promotion of forest industry in traditional culti vation areas is conducive to coordinating the contradiction between human and land and fundamentally maintaining rocky desert Long term promotion of che mical treatment. |
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