The Importance Evaluation And Spatial Characteristics Of Ecosystem In China

Ecosystem based protection is an important means to prevent the loss of biodiversity.By building an indicator system,determining the importance level of the ecosystem,determining the directory and spatial characteristics of the important ecosystem,and clarifying the spatial distribution characteristics of the priority ecosystem,it can provide an important scientific basis for the construction of the natural reserve system with the theme of National Park in China.In this study,the natural ecosystem of forest,shrub,grassland,swamp,desert and lake in China is taken as the research object,the importance evaluation index system of ecosystem is constructed,and ecosystem attributes such as threatened,authenticity,uniqueness and representativeness are taken as the criteria of importance classification;based on ecosystem classification,remote sensing data of ecosystem type,national health,etc For volume data,GIS data processing and analysis platform is used to process the research data such as superposition operation,reclassification and regional statistics.According to the index threshold,the ecosystem is evaluated into three important levels:extremely important,important and more important.The main research results are as follows:(1)Based on the ecosystem cluster,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of ecosystem importance,evaluates the level of ecosystem importance,and determines the list of important ecosystems in China.(2)There are 470 types of important ecosystems in China,accounting for 54.97% of the total number of natural ecosystems.Among them,there are 176 types of forest ecosystem,accounting for 37.45% of all important ecosystem types and 20.58% of all natural ecosystem types,followed by 114 types of grassland ecosystem,accounting for 24.26%of all important ecosystem types and 13.33% of all natural ecosystem types.The total area of important ecosystems in China is 2478900 km~2,accounting for38.11% of the total area of natural ecosystems.Among them,grassland e cosystem area is the largest,with a total area of 1187600 km2,accounting for 47.91% of the total area of important ecosystem,accounting for 18.26% of the total area of natural ecosystem;and it is mainly distributed in Hulunbuir,Hunshandak,Horqin,northern Yinshan Mountain of Inner Mongolia,as well as the southwest edge of Tianshan Zhungeer basin,Altai District,Tarim River Basin,Qiangtang land of Northwest Tibet in Tibet District and other areas.The area of forest ecosystem is the second,with an area of 1921000 km~2,accounting for 29.54% of the total area of natural ecosystem and 20.84% of the total area of land ecosystem;it is mainly distributed in Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling;Southeast Tibet,North west Sichuan,Wuyishan Daiyunshan District,South Fujian mountain,Zhejiang Fujian Mountain,South Central Hainan Island,Central Taiwan mountain,Yushan and other places.(3)There are 244 types of priority ecosystems,accounting for 51.91% of all important ecosystem types and 28.54% of all natural ecosystem types.There are 124 types of forest ecosystem,accounting for 26.38% of the total types of all important classes and 14.50% of the total types of all assessment units.It is distributed in Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling of China,Southeast Tibet,Northwest Sichuan,Wuyishan Daiyunshan District,South Fujian mountain,Zhejiang Fujian mountain,south central area of Hainan Island,Central Taiwan mountain,Yushan,etc.The area of priority ecosystem is 1857500 km~2,accounting for 74.93%of the total area of all important ecosystems and 28.56%of the total area of natural ecosystems.Among them,grassland ecosystem is the largest,with a total area of 862000 km2,accounting for 34.77% of the total area of important ecosy stems and 13.25% of the total area of natural ecosystems.It is mainly di stributed in Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling of China;Southeast Tibet,Northwest Sichuan,Wuyishan Daiyunshan,Southern Fujian,Zhejiang and Fujian mountains,South Central Hainan Island,Central Taiwan mountain and Yushan;Hulunbuir grassland in Inner Mongolia,Hunshandake sandy land,Horqin sandy land,northern Yinshan Mountain,etc.;southwest edge of Tianshan Zhungeer basin,Altai District,Tarim,etc River basin area;Qiangtang area in Northwest Tibet,Qiangtang Sanjiang source area;Qilian mountain area.(4)Comprehensive analysis of the distribution of evaluation indicators at all levels of important ecosystems shows that the determinants of the list of important ecosystems in China are:China has a vast region,obvious zonal distribution of ecosystems,and regional uniqueness is the main indicator of the importance of ecosystems in China.(5)The typical ecosystem which not only meets the needs of our country,but also only exists in the forest ecosystem,mainly distributed in Southeast Tibet,southern Hengduanshan,Liupanshan Ziwuling,Taihang,Dabie and central Taiwan.Moreover,Abies fargesii forest,Platycladus macro carpa forest,Pinus taiwanensis forest and Wangtian forest are the ecosystems with two evaluation indexes of national characteristics and representati veness,and the authenticity of Wangtian forest is grade I,among which Wangtian forest is grade I threatened,mainly distributed in the eastern part of the southern section of Hengduanshan mountain in China.This kind of ecosystem has special protection significance.It is not only of high a uthenticity,but also belongs to the unique ecosystem type in China,and has high protection value.