Characteristics Of Metal Elements In Atmospheric Fine Particulates In Different Functional Areas In Handan City

Handan is a coal mining and heavy industrial city located in North China,where is very cold and citizens need long period of warm heating in winter.The air pollution is serious,especially the metal element pollution in PM_2.5.In this study,fine particles were sampled in different functional areas?industrial area,traffic area,industrial living area and teaching area?from January 2017 to December 2017 in Handan city.The mass concentrations of 13 metal elements in the samples were tested by ICP-MS?Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry?.The spatiotemporal characteristics,sources and health risk assessment of metal elements were discussed and analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?In teaching area,the mass concentration of PM_2.5.5 in the four seasons is winter>autumn>spring>summer.The mass concentration of metal elements in the four seasons is winter>autumn>summer>spring.The average concentration of all the13 elements is the highest in winter.There is a certain correlation between the concentration of PM_2.5.5 and the meteorological factors.However,the the correlation between the metal elements and the meteorological factors is not significant.?2?The order of contents of metal elements in different functional areas are as follows:industrial area>traffic area>industrial living area>teaching area.The contents of Al,K,Mg and Fe in the industrial area and traffic area account for 97.45%,78.74%of the total concentration of metal elements,respectively.The contents of K in the teaching area account for 37.09%,while the contents of other metals in each functional area are less than 1?g/m³.?3?The sources of metal elements in PM_2.5.5 were analyzed by the approaches of enrichment factor?EF?and principal component analysis?PCA?.The main contributed sources were human sources,melt smelting and industrial emission.The sources of different functional areas was analyzed.The result showed that the metal smelting?58.14%?in teaching area,the industrial emission?53.41%?in industrial area,the dust pollution?29.52%?in traffic area,and the coal emission?43.59%?in industrial living area represented the main sources.?4?The sum of non carcinogenic health risk factors caused by different heavy metal elements in the teaching area in four seasons exceeds the acceptable level of human body.The carcinogenic risk and non carcinogenic risk of Cr element are very high in different seasons.As element emitted from metal smelting has a higher health risk for children,and more attention should be paid to steel industry pollution in Handan city.The HQ values of Cr and Mn elements in each functional area are larger than 1,the non carcinogenic health risk coefficients on children of As and Ba elements in traffic area is greater than the acceptable level of human body with the value of 1.While for different people,the HI value in winter of each functional area is more than the acceptable limitation of human body with the value of 1.The ILCR values of Cr and As elements to adults and children in each functional area is more than 10^-4,and the value of Co element to children is more than 10^-6.