Construction And Operation Characteristics Of New Environment Friendly Water Saving Toilets

In remote areas with inadequate municipal pipe network facilities in China,the problem of toilet access has been difficult to resolve.In addition,the wasteful discharge of feces and urine not only pollutes the environment,but also breeds fly borne diseases and makes a potential threat to human physical and mental health.In response to the call of the"toilet revolution",various eco-friendly toilets have emerged in China in recent years,but the common environmentally-friendly toilets on the market are not truly"environmentally friendly"currently and there is a risk of secondary pollution.Based on this,this paper proposes a new type of environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet.The toilet can use the urine and feces generated by a membrane system and an aerobic compost system for on-site treatment and utilization,thereby avoiding secondary pollution.The environment also has certain economic benefits.The new environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet is based on the treatment of urine RO membrane and aerobic composting of manure.The water produced by the RO membrane is used as clean water for reuse,and the concentrated water is used as supplementary water for aerobic manure composting,The experimental research results of urine RO membrane treatment show that 40%is the best recovery rate of RO membrane.Under this operating condition,it can not only guarantee the water production to a certain extent,but also have a good effect of removing pollutants in urine.its salt removal rate,metal ion removal rate and total nitrogen removal rate can reach 94.34%,96.20%and 93.10%.By setting the gradient of the amount of feces added,the optimal ratio of feces and sawdust as compost substrate was 20:3（g:L）,and the Bio-LuxS15 type composting reactor experiment was carried out with this ratio.The results show that the water content of the reactor can be supplemented with concentrated water produced by the RO membrane.When the EC of the reactor reaches6.5ms/cm,the microbial activity in the reactor begins to decrease,and the pathogenic microorganisms can completely lose activity within 15-20 days.When composted to 25days,the ratio of total nitrogen and K₂O in the compost product was 0.52%and1.51%respectively.All other indicators reached the standard of rottendegree and can be used as nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer.Based on the above tests,a new environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet was constructed.The toilet was composed of a vacuum suction system,a feces separation system,a urine membrane treatment system,and a compost reactor system.After 24 days of pilot studies,the results show that the average daily production of fresh water in this toilet is 4.45L greater than 2.25L,so it can be self-sufficient,the average daily output of concentrated water is 6.68L,which can meet the require of aerobic compost（5.6L/d～7.5L/d）,when composted to 18d,The quality of concentrated water has no adverse effect on the composting process,so RO membrane concentrated water can be used as a supplement to the manure composting system,thereby achieving the goal of zero sewage discharge.The corresponding products’total nitrogen,P₂O₅,and K₂O concentrations were 1.4%,1.9%,and 1.9%,all of which reached the standard concentration of organic fertilizer,and the product was completely rot,it could be used as a compound fertilizer.The new environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet not only achieves zero discharge of sewage,avoids secondary pollution,but also has certain economic benefits from its compost product,and no need for sewer,it has broad application prospects.