Evaluation Of Ecological Restoration In Mu Us Sandy Land

China is one of the countries with the largest area of desertified land in the world.Preventing land desertification is an important requirement for China's ecological civilization.The land of Mu Us Sandy Land is severely desertified and has sensitive and fragile ecological environment.Ecological restoration is the most basic and main measure in comprehensive desertification management.In this paper,Etoque Banner,Inner Mongolia,located in the northwestern part of the Mu Us Sandy Land,is used as the research object.Based on field survey data and remote sensing monitoring vegetation cover data,the research and evaluation of its ecological restoration results in the past 10 years are conducted.The basic data such as meteorological data and soil moisture were used to analyze wind erosion modulus and characteristics in the study area,and evaluate the impact of ecological restoration on wind erosion.The results are as follows:(1)The most widely distributed land use type in Etuoke Banner is natural grassland,and the proportion of grassland area increased from 58.91% in 2009 to 81.58% in 2018.The results of the sample survey showed that the dominant species in the vegetation community were Artemisia ordosica,Artemisia sphaerocephala,Huzhizi,and Shapeng.The vegetation coverage generally showed a trend of high in the central east and low in the west;the Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index of the sandy plots And Pielou index are higher than the semi-fixed dune plot;while the measured coverage and height of the plot along the 216 provincial highway sample line from northeast to southwest have decreased,species diversity has increased,which may be caused by changes in soil composition;The trend of sample plots along the 313 provincial highway from northwest to southeast is opposite,that is,the coverage has increased,but the height and species diversity have declined,which may be the reason for the growth of vegetation from shrubs to herbs.Vegetation coverage in the study area increased from19.35% in 2009 to 27.64% in 2018,with an increase slope of 0.0042,showing a slight improvementtrend,with the largest increase in vegetation coverage in summer.The area with positive coverage of vegetation coverage accounts for 45.08% of the total area,the degradation surface is actively small,and the vegetation status is steadily improving.(2)The average wind erosion intensity of Etuoke Banner from 2009 to 2018 decreased from 31.03t/hm2 in 2009 to 17.34 t/hm2 in 2018;most of the whole flag belongs to the level of mild wind erosion,and the area ratio is from 2009 71.56% increased to 79.50% in 2018,followed by extremely strong wind erosion,which decreased from 20.67% to 10.75%;the positive transfer amplitude(15.46%)of wind erosion intensity in Etuoke Banner from 2009 to 2018 was greater than the reverse(-2.27%),indicating that the wind erosion intensity in 2018 is significantly reduced compared to 2009.The area with less vegetation coverage has greater wind erosion intensity,and the area with greater vegetation coverage has less wind erosion intensity,indicating that vegetation restoration is the main factor that weakens the wind erosion intensity.