Research On The Impact Of Carbon Policies On The Participation Of Energy Conservation Service Companies In Supply Chain Decisions

It has become a global consensus to curb excessive emissions of carbon dioxide and alleviate the problem of climate warming.As the first developing country in the world,China actively assumes responsibility for carbon emission reduction,and has promised in a document formally submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat that the carbon emissions intensity per unit of GDP will be around 2030 compared to 2005.To fall by 60%-65%.According to relevant statistics,80% of China’s total carbon emissions originate from the manufacturing industry.Therefore,the decline in the total carbon emissions of the manufacturing industry is the key to China’s effective control of carbon emissions.In actual operation,there are mainly two types of carbon emission reduction methods in the manufacturing industry: one is independent emission reduction,and the other is energy conservation outsourcing,which is contract energy management.Compared with independent emission reduction,enterprises can more professionally control carbon emissions through energy-saving service companies.With the same carbon emission reduction investment,energy-saving service companies can achieve better carbon emission reduction effects.In this context,this article builds a supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer.Among them,manufacturers use energy-saving service companies to reduce carbon emissions during product production.Based on the carbon tax,carbon limit and transaction and carbon tax-carbon limit and transaction mixed carbon policies to build decentralized decision-making for manufacturers,retailers and energy-saving service companies,centralized decision-making for manufacturers and energy-saving service companies and centralized decision-making for energy-saving service companies and supply chain The stackelberg game model under three decision situations studies the optimal decisions of manufacturers,retailers and energy-saving service companies in different decision situations under different carbon policies,and the impact of different carbon policies on their decisions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Under the carbon tax policy,when the carbon tax exceeds a certain threshold,the carbon emission reduction per unit product will decrease with the increase of the carbon tax,but the total carbon emission reduction of the supply chain is still on the rise.The numerical analysis results show that: under different decision-making situations in the supply chain,carbon taxes have different effects on manufacturers ’profits,but they will have a negative impact on retailers’ profits and a positive impact on energy service company profits.(2)Under the carbon cap and trading policy,the carbon emission reduction per unit product has a positive correlation with the carbon trading price.When the carbon trading price is low,it has a negative correlation with the product order quantity.When the carbon trading price exceeds a certain threshold,it has a positive correlation with the product order quantity.There is a positive correlation between total carbon emission reductions in the supply chain and carbon trading prices.The numerical analysis results show that under different supply chain decision-making situations,carbon trading prices have different effects on retailer profits,but have a positive impact on the profits of manufacturers and energy-saving service companies.(3)Compared with the single carbon policy,the carbon emission reduction effect of the supply chain is the best under the mixed carbon policy.Under mixed carbon policy,carbon tax and carbon trading price are complementary relations.The total carbon emission reduction of supply chain is positively correlated with carbon tax and carbon trading price under the mixed carbon policy.The numerical results show that the carbon trading price and carbon tax have different impacts on the profits of manufacturers and retailers in different supply chain decision-making situations,but both have positive impacts on the profits of energy-saving service companies.(4)Under the carbon tax,carbon cap and trade and carbon tax-carbon cap and trade mixed carbon policies,the total carbon emission reduction of the supply chain,the market demand for products,and the profits of manufacturers,retailers and energy-saving service companies are all Optimal in the case of centralized supply chain decision-making.In the case of centralized decision-making between the manufacturer and the energy-saving service company and centralized decision-making in the supplychain,the Shapley value method can realize supply chain coordination.The introduction of a carbon policy can stimulate manufacturers’ carbon emission reduction needs,stimulate the development of energy-saving service industries,and reduce carbon emissions in the supply chain.